汉语意愿情态动词研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 00:25

本文选题：意愿情态　切入点：意愿情态动词　出处：《重庆师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：情态历来受到很多语言学者的关注。我们主要从意愿情态动词的角度对意愿情态范畴进行了初步探讨。首先,我们在传统情态三分,即动力情态、义务情态、认知情态的基础上,将动力情态进一步划分为能力情态和意愿情态,进而提出意愿情态动词这一名称,为本课题确定了研究范围。其次,我们主要从历时角度按意愿义的来源及发展演变特点对汉语意愿情态动词分五组进行梳理和描写。第一组是意愿情态动词的核心成员,意义直接与“意愿”关联,构词语素产生早,沿用至今。第二组由积极情绪产生的意愿情态动词,多由表“快意、愉悦”的形容词或心理动词经过语法化发展而来。第三组成员多是由“看、望”等义通过隐喻等机制衍生出“意愿”义而成为意愿情态动词的。第四组意愿情态动词的共通性在于“将要”义。第五组因语用作用产生的意愿情态动词,其意愿强度都比较低,多用于否定或疑问结构中。殊途同归,本文所限定的研究对象具备了共同的语义基础——意愿义。第2章结尾我们指出意愿情态范畴具有意愿性、非现实性以及使成性。最后,建立在第2章共同意愿义特征的基础之上,我们在构式理论背景下,提出了意愿语块构式,指出“意愿来源——意愿发出者——意愿传递——意愿目标”四个语块之间的致使性,并着重分析了影响意愿情态动词选择的因素以及由意愿情态带来的意愿性、非现实性和使成性对于句法的制约,从而将语法特征与语义特征联系起来,最终确立了意愿情态动词这一范畴,也就证明了意愿情态这一语义语法范畴的可行性。
[Abstract]:Modality has always been concerned by many linguists.We mainly discuss the category of willing modality from the angle of willing modal verb.First of all, on the basis of the traditional modality, that is, dynamic modality, obligation modality and cognitive modality, we further divide the dynamic modality into capability modality and willing modality, and then put forward the name of willing modal verb.The research scope is determined for this subject.Secondly, from the diachronic point of view, we sort out and describe the Chinese willingness modal verbs in five groups according to the origin and development of the meaning of will.The first group is the core member of the willing modal verb, the meaning of which is directly related to "will".The second group of willing modal verbs produced by positive emotions is derived from the grammaticalization of adjectives or psychological verbs that express "pleasure and pleasure".In the third group, the meaning of "will" is derived from the meaning of "see, hope" and so on.The fourth group of willing modal verbs in common lies in the "will" meaning.The fifth group of willing modal verbs due to pragmatic effects have low intention intensity and are mostly used in negative or interrogative structures.In the same way, the research object defined in this paper has a common semantic basis-the meaning of will.At the end of chapter 2, we point out that the category of will modality has the characteristics of will, unreality and actualization.Finally, on the basis of the characteristics of common will in Chapter 2, we put forward the construction of willing chunks under the background of construction theory.The paper points out the causality between the four chunks of "will source-will issuer-will transmission-will target", and analyzes the factors that affect the choice of will modal verbs and the willingness brought about by will modality.The restriction of non-reality and formality on syntax, which connects grammatical features with semantic features, finally establishes the category of willing modal verbs, which proves the feasibility of the semantic grammatical category of will modality.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H14

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