《汉语口语》和《走遍美国》对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 11:49

本文选题：汉语口语 + 走遍美国　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近半个世纪以来,对外汉语口语教材建设取得了令人瞩目的成就,市面上出现各种版本的教材,比如北京大学的《汉语口语》系列涵盖了初中高级,适用面较广。不过,对外汉语口语精品教材仍不多,无法全面照顾学生的群体差异和个人需求,特别是在关键的中级阶段。因此,我们需要加强对外汉语中级口语教材的研究。对比汉语与汉语教材的文献有很多,但英汉之间的比较很少。不同语言存在本体差异,但也有共同点,可以相互取长补短。与英语作为第二语言的教材进行对比,可以为对外汉语教材建设提供新思路。本文就以《汉语口语》(北京大学出版社,第二版中级1、2册)和《走遍美国》(外语教学与研究出版社,全新版上、下册)这两套教材为具体研究对象,通过对比分析、文献查阅、图表归纳、问卷调查的方法,首先以“结构—功能—文化”相结合的原则来比较它们的整体编写思想,接着以“针对性、实用性、科学性和趣味性”相结合为评价标准,来比较它们在课文、注释、练习、文化输入四个组成部分的特点。编写思想方面：考察角度为两套教材的编写目的和编写原则。两套教材都以提高学习者的口语交际水平为根本目的,以“结构—功能—文化”相结合为基本原则,并以“功能”为先。但《汉语口语》以满足留学生的需要为直接目的,“功能”上主攻听说,“结构”上主要采取归纳法,“文化”项目的编写与《走遍美国》比不够突出；《走遍美国》以语言和文化介绍为直接目的,“功能”上兼顾读写,非常重视“文化”,“结构”上主要采取演绎法,安排比《汉语口语》随意。课文方面：考察角度包括课文的话题、场景和角色。两套教材都重视课文的针对性、实用性、科学性,《汉语口语》在课文上的趣味性还可以增强。注释方面：考察角度包括注释的形式、数量和难度。两套教材针对性、实用性强,《汉语口语》的科学性强于《走遍美国》,而趣味性较弱。练习方面：考察角度包括练习的形式、数量和难度。两套教材针对性强,趣味性相当,但《汉语口语》的科学性、实用性强于《走遍美国》。文化输入方面：考察文化编排形式和文化内容选择。两套教材的针对性都强,但《汉语口语》的实用性、科学性和趣味性弱于《走遍美国》。通过以上分析,本文提出一些对外汉语中级口语教材的编写建议。编写思想方面可以加强文化项目的编写；结构上尝试演绎法。课文方面可以增加全球热点类话题,与时俱进；增加校园外部的场景,拓宽地域；增加多种身份的角色,扩大交际。注释方面可以标明注释在课文的对应处,方便查找；适当添加同义词、句之间的比较,培养学生的细节意识；巧用图片,提高注释的趣味性。练习方面建议以听说练习为主,体现口语课与其他课型的不同之处；巧用图片,提高练习的趣味性。文化输入方面可以专门介绍文化知识,注意中华文化与学习者母语文化的不同之处；选取的文化内容应有助于展现中华民族的优点,避免误会。
[Abstract]:Since the last half century , the construction of oral Chinese teaching materials has made remarkable achievements , and various editions of textbooks have appeared on the market , such as the Chinese Oral English Series of Peking University , which covers the high school level and wide application . However , the Chinese oral English teaching materials still do not have much , which can not fully take care of the student ' s group differences and individual needs , especially in the key intermediate stage . Therefore , we need to strengthen the study of Chinese - level oral English teaching materials to the outside world .

There are a lot of references between Chinese and Chinese teaching materials , but there are few differences between English and Chinese . There are some differences between English and Chinese , but there are common points that can be supplemented with each other . Compared with English as the second language , we can provide new ideas for the construction of Chinese teaching materials .

This paper tries to compare the characteristics of four parts , such as texts , notes , exercises and cultural inputs , by combining the principles of " structure - function - culture " and " structure - function - culture " to compare their overall writing ideas with the principles of " structure - function - culture " .

On the basis of " structure - function - culture " , " structure - function - culture " is used as the basic principle , and the " function " is the first . However , the " structure " mainly adopts the induction method .
The article focuses on the form , the quantity and the difficulty of the text . The two sets of textbooks emphasize the form , the quantity and the difficulty of the text . The two sets of teaching materials have strong pertinence and strong practicability .

Through the above analysis , this paper puts forward some suggestions on the writing of Chinese - level oral English teaching materials to the outside world .
In the text , we can increase the topic of global hot topics and keep pace with the times .
the scene outside the campus is increased , and the area is widened ;
Increase the role of multiple identities , expand the communication . The annotation aspect can mark the annotation in the corresponding place of the text , facilitate the search ;
Appropriate addition of synonyms , the comparison between sentences , the cultivation of students ' details consciousness ;
Use pictures to improve the interest of the annotation . Practice suggestions are based on listening and speaking exercises , which reflect the differences between oral classes and other classes ;
Use pictures to improve the interest of practice . Cultural input can specifically introduce the cultural knowledge , pay attention to the difference between Chinese culture and the learner ' s native language culture ;
The selected cultural content should help to demonstrate the Chinese nation ' s advantages and avoid misunderstanding .

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.4

【参考文献】