贬抑性否定构式的特点及对比分析

发布时间：2018-04-23 19:35

本文选题：贬抑性构式 + “不A不B”　；参考：《江西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：“不A不B”、“A不A,B不B”、“半A不B”和“半A半B”四个构式因其形式简练、表意丰富等特点,在现代汉语中获得了相当高的使用频率,而且在语言的长期发展过程中又不断得到充实和创新,使人们越来越关注到这类双向否定构式的表达优越性,因此有关这类结构式的研究也开始多起来,但对这四个构式进行全面分析和比较研究的却不多。本文试图从构式理论出发,结合认知语言学和“三个平面”等理论,对这四类构式进行全面而深入的系统比较研究。首先,本文分别对“不A不B”、“A不A,B不B”、“半A不B”和“半A半B”的构式特点进行了分析。第一,对“不A不B”的研究。简要描写了“不”的语法性质及主观性。详细分析了该构式的变量A、B的词性;考察归纳了“不A不B”的句法功能;阐释了A、B语义关系与整个构式贬抑性评价色彩的关系,继而总结出该构式的整体意义;接着还论述了构式义和词汇义的相互制约关系、构式“不A不B”的主观化过程、贬抑义形成原因和影响因素。第二,对构式“A不A,B不B”的研究。从静态描写该构式的构件和语义特点入手,接着探究了A、B的语义关系对构式义语用感情色彩的影响,同时在前人研究基础上进一步分析了该构式的语法功能,着重分析了“A不A,B不B”词汇义与构式义的相互制约关系和贬抑性固化过程,认为“A不A,B不B”实质上是构式“不A不B”的关联模式,这种关联主要表现在理据性的承继上,最后还探讨了该构式的贬抑义泛化原因。第三,对构式“半A不B”的研究。表述了“半A不B”的整体构式义和常项“半”的语法性质及主观性,接着分析了A、B的词性以及A、B语义特点与构式贬义色彩之间的关系,还详细论证了“半A不B”的句法位置对A、B词性的要求和A、B的感情色彩对构式语用意义的影响,详细阐述了“半A不B”的构式焦点,同时也对该构式的泛化原因作了初步的探讨。第四,对构式“半A半B”的研究。同样的,我们分析了A、B的词性和A、B语义关系与构式感情色彩的关系,论述了“半A半B”的语法位置,详细论述了“半A半B”泛化的原因,最后还对“半A半B”贬抑义形成原因进行了探索。其次,我们比较了这四种贬抑性双重否定构式的句法、语义、语用的异同点。主要结论如下:其一,句法上的比较。A、B词性和A、B位置及构式的句法地位有很多相同之处,不同之处主要表现在构式的形式特点、情态动词和体词能否进入各个构式和句法成分分布不一之上。其二,语义上的比较。虽然这四类构式中的A、B语义关系都对构式的贬抑义产生了影响,但是所表现出来的贬抑程度不一样,语义焦点也不一样。其三,语用上的比较。分析四者的语体色彩和感情色彩的不同。
[Abstract]:The four constructions of "A A B", "A A B", "half A B" and "half A half B" have gained quite high frequency of use in modern Chinese because of their concise form and rich ideographic meaning. Moreover, in the long process of language development, people pay more and more attention to the superiority of this kind of bidirectional negative construction, so the research on this kind of structure is beginning to increase. However, there are few comprehensive analyses and comparative studies on these four constructions. Based on the theory of construction and the theory of cognitive linguistics and "three planes", this paper attempts to make a thorough and systematic comparative study of these four types of constructions. First of all, this paper analyzes the construction characteristics of "A A B", "A A B B", "half A B" and "half A half B", respectively. First, the study of "No A, no B". This paper briefly describes the grammatical nature and subjectivity of "Bu". This paper analyzes in detail the part of speech of the construction variable AZB, investigates and sums up the syntactic functions of "not A B", explains the relationship between the semantic relation of AZB and the whole construction derogatory evaluation color, and then sums up the whole meaning of the construction. Then it discusses the relationship between construction meaning and lexical meaning, the subjective process of construction, the cause of derogatory meaning and the influencing factors. Second, the study of the construction "A Bu B B". Starting with the static description of the components and semantic features of the construction, this paper probes into the influence of the semantic relationship of AZB on the pragmatic emotional color of the construction, and further analyzes the grammatical functions of the construction on the basis of previous studies. This paper emphatically analyzes the relationship between the lexical meaning and the construction meaning of "A Bu B" and the process of derogatory solidification. It is considered that "A Bu B not B" is essentially the relevant mode of constructing "A no B". The correlation is mainly reflected in the inheritance of motivation, and finally, the reason for the derogatory generalization of the construction is discussed. Third, the study of the construction of "half A not B". This paper describes the grammatical nature and subjectivity of "half A not B" and "half", and then analyzes the part of speech of AJB and the relationship between semantic characteristics of AJB and derogatory color of construction. It also demonstrates in detail the requirements of the syntactic position of "half A not B" on the part of speech of Agna B and the influence of the emotional color of the "Agna B" on the pragmatic meaning of the construction, and expounds in detail the focus of the construction of "half A not B". At the same time, the generalization reason of the construction is also discussed. Fourth, the study of the construction of "half a half B". In the same way, we analyze the relationship between the part of speech and the semantic relation of AJB and the color of construction emotion, discuss the grammatical position of "half A and B", and discuss in detail the reasons for the generalization of "half A and B". Finally, the paper explores the causes of the derogatory meaning of "half A-B". Secondly, we compare the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic similarities and differences of the four derogatory double negative constructions. The main conclusions are as follows: first, there are many similarities between the syntactic comparison of the part of speech and the position and the syntactic position of the construction. The differences are mainly manifested in the formal characteristics of the construction. Whether modal verbs and aspect words can enter into different constructions and syntactic elements is different. Second, semantic comparison. Although all of the four types of constructions have an effect on the derogatory meanings of the constructions, the degree of derogation and the semantic focus are different. Third, pragmatic comparison. This paper analyzes the differences between the style color and the emotional color of the four.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146

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