带回指的疑问结构研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 21:38

本文选题：回指 + 疑问结构　；参考：《上海师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要探讨了带回指的疑问结构的句式、语义、语用特征，以及该结构构式化的动因与机制。除了对研究现状的总结和评述以外，主要分为五部分。第一章从共时平面讨论“怎么个X”结构的句法、语用特征，根据“X”的性质及其有无回指对象，将“怎么个”分为“怎么个1”与“怎么个2”。初步探讨它们的不同来源和句法特征，以及不同的语法化过程。第二章从共时层面对“谁说X”结构的句法、语义与语用功能进行详细描写，从历时层面对该结构的固化过程进行探讨，并讨论其语法化动因与机制。“谁”的基本疑问功能和“说”的言语表达功能导致“谁说X”结构中的X大多为引述性内容，故X在上文大都有回指对象。而在回声语境中，随着说话人的关注焦点从重在询问话语的发出者转移到关注话语内容本身，“谁说X”逐渐发展出表示质疑、反驳和否定的功能，在不断的交际使用过程中，“谁说X”在保留基本的询问发话者的意义的情况下，逐渐衍生出一个表否定和反驳意义的固化结构。第三章讨论“哪里是X”结构的句法格式和语义特征，考察其不同的否定性质和评判立场，并对其语用功能进行考察与描写。该结构的否定性质，根据说话者的主观意图，可将其分为语用否定和语义否定两大类。该结构意义上相当于“不是X”，但与“不是X”相比较，还是存在着较大差异，我们从预期角度和情感表达功能方面对其进行了详细考察。第四章对回声性“什么叫X”结构进行了细致描写，并对其否定性质和语用功能进行了考察。该结构的否定性质，从否定内容来讲，包括对指称、陈述、命题和情态的否定。从否定辖域来讲，，包括对行域对象、知域对象和言域对象的否定。从语用功能来讲，说话者在使用“什么叫X”结构说出一句话时，也就同时实施了一个言语行为。该结构主要实施的是批评和指责、嘲讽和不屑、抱怨和不满的言语行为。第五章通过四个个案的研究，寻找出它们之间的共性特征，进而考察这类带回指的疑问结构的语义语用功能及其构式化动因与机制。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the sentence structure, semantic, pragmatic features, and the motivation and mechanism of the structure construction. In addition to the review of the current situation of research, mainly divided into five parts. The first chapter discusses the syntactic and pragmatic features of the "how X" structure from the synchronic plane. According to the nature of "X" and whether it has anaphora object, the "how" is divided into "how 1" and "how 2". Their different sources, syntactic features and different grammaticalization processes are discussed. In the second chapter, the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic functions of the "who say X" structure are described in detail, the solidification process of the structure is discussed from the diachronic level, and the grammaticalization motivation and mechanism are discussed. The basic interrogative function of "who" and the speech expression function of "said" lead to the quoting content of X in the structure of "who say X", so most of X has anaphora object above. In echo context, as the focus of the speaker shifts from questioning the utterance to paying attention to the content of the utterance itself, "who says X" gradually develops the functions of expressing doubt, refutation and negation, and in the process of continuous communication, "who says X" develops the function of questioning, refuting and negating. "who says X", while retaining the meaning of the basic interrogator, has gradually developed a solidified structure of negation and refutation. The third chapter discusses the syntactic format and semantic features of "what is X" structure, examines its different negative nature and judgment stand, and makes a study and description of its pragmatic function. According to the subjective intention of the speaker, the negative nature of the structure can be divided into two categories: pragmatic negation and semantic negation. The structure is equivalent to "not X", but there is still a great difference compared with "not X". We have made a detailed study on it from the perspective of expectation and the function of emotional expression. Chapter four describes the structure of echo "X" in detail, and investigates its negative nature and pragmatic function. The negative nature of the structure includes the negation of reference, statement, proposition and modality in terms of the content of negation. From the perspective of negation domain, it includes the negation of line domain object, knowledge domain object and speech domain object. In terms of pragmatic function, when the speaker utters a sentence in the "what is X" structure, he carries out a speech act at the same time. The structure mainly implements verbal acts of criticism and recrimination, ridicule and disdain, complaint and discontent. Chapter five explores the semantic and pragmatic functions of these interrogative structures and their constructional motivations and mechanisms through four case studies to find out the common features between them.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】