摹状词理论及其发展

发布时间：2018-04-29 05:20

本文选题：“非存在之谜” + 二阶概念　；参考：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“非存在之谜”曾屹立在世界哲学的舞台长达两千年之久,其间有不少的哲学家都为解决这一问题做出过努力与尝试,可都无疾而终。直到分析哲学与语言哲学的兴起,这一“非存在之谜”才得以破解。弗雷格认为“存在”这一概念本质上表达的是一个概念词确实有适用的对象,这是他在对语言的意义进行分析之后得出的结论。罗素的摹状词理论可谓是解决这一问题的典范,他运用逻辑分析的方法将“存在”解释为命题函项的性质。他的这一理论在整个哲学发展史上甚至是数理逻辑的发展中都发挥着举足轻重的作用,但是,在此理论中还是有一些不完善的地方,比如说在与摹状词相对的专名概念中产生的误区,意义与所指问题上的困惑等。奎因在此基础上对罗素的摹状词理论进行了修正与发展,并且得出了“存在就是成为约束变项的值”这一口号。至此,存在问题得到了比较完满的解决。本文“摹状词理论及其发展”就是从“非存在之谜”展开,以对“存在“的讨论结束,可以说是对本体论问题进行了详尽的阐明,对理解本体论问题起着“敲门砖”的作用。对这一问题的理解主要从三个主要部分进行。第一部分表明了“非存在之谜”的背景,将“非存在之谜”的由来和一些哲学家对这一迷惑的解决进行了详细的阐述。第二部分介绍了弗雷格、罗素等哲学家对这一迷惑的破解,详细阐述了罗素的摹状词理论的源起和内容。第三部分说明了奎因对罗素摹状词理论的修正与发展,继而总结出本体论的承诺标准和选择标准。
[Abstract]:"the Mystery of Non-existence" once stood on the stage of world philosophy for two thousand years, during which many philosophers made efforts and attempts to solve this problem. It was not until the rise of analytic philosophy and philosophy of language that the mystery of non-existence was solved. Frege holds that the concept of "being" is essentially an expression of a concept word that does have a suitable object, which is the conclusion he reached after analyzing the meaning of language. Russell's theory of description is a model to solve this problem. He uses the method of logical analysis to interpret "existence" as the nature of propositional function. His theory plays an important role in the whole history of philosophy and even in the development of mathematical logic. However, there are still some imperfections in this theory. For example, the misunderstanding in the concept of proper name relative to the description, the confusion about the meaning and the problem. On this basis, Quinn revised and developed Russell's theory of description, and got the slogan "being is the value of constraint variable". At this point, the existing problems have been relatively satisfactory solution. In this paper, the theory of description and its development begin from "the riddle of non-existence", which ends with the discussion of "being", and it can be said that it is a detailed exposition of the problem of ontology, which plays a "stepping stone" role in understanding the problem of ontology. The understanding of this problem is mainly carried out in three main parts. The first part shows the background of "the riddle of nonexistence", and expounds the origin of "the riddle of nonexistence" and the solution of this puzzle by some philosophers. The second part introduces Frege, Russell and other philosophers to solve this puzzle, elaborated the origin and content of Russell's theory of description. The third part explains Quinn's revision and development of Russell's description theory, and then summarizes the ontological criteria of commitment and selection.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H0-05

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