副词与主语的相对位置关系考察

发布时间：2018-04-29 14:21

本文选题：副词 + 主语　；参考：《北京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了全面了解现代汉语常用副词与主语的相对位置关系,并研究与之相关的语法现象,本文选取了222个副词作为研究对象,通过语料调查将它们分为只能在主语后出现的副词、只能在主语前出现的副词和在主语前后均可使用的副词三类。本文的重点研究对象是在主语前后均可使用的副词,探究它们能够在主语之前使用的条件,进而比较它们在主语前后使用时的句法、语义和语用区别。研究发现,就副词本身的性质来讲,说话人指向类副词、焦点敏感类副词和独立自由类副词可以在主语之前使用。而主语类型、谓语类型和音节都会影响副词在句中的位置。从整体上讲,主观性越强的副词,越容易脱离谓语,在主语之前使用的频率越高。通过语义和语用分析可以发现,许多副词位置的变化会影响句子的焦点,也会反应辖域的不同,而副词在句首出现时有明显的语篇接应功能。另外,本文将现代汉语常用副词按意义和分布分为11类,并具体分析不同类别副词在与主语的相对位置关系上所呈现出的特点。研究发现,能用在主语之前的副词主要是语气副词、时间副词和限定副词,这一结果与前人考察的副词共现时的优先顺序也基本一致。
[Abstract]:In order to fully understand the relative position of adverbs and subjects in modern Chinese, and to study the grammatical phenomena related to them, 222 adverbs are selected as the objects of study, and they are divided into adverbs that can only appear after the subject. Adverbs that can only appear before subject and adverbs that can be used before and after subject are three kinds of adverbs. This paper focuses on the adverbs that can be used before and after the subject, explores the conditions under which they can be used before and after the subject, and then compares their syntactic, semantic and pragmatic differences before and after the use of the subject. It is found that, in terms of the nature of the adverb itself, the speaker points to the adverb, the focus sensitive adverb and the independent free adverb can be used before the subject. The subject type, predicate type and syllable will affect the position of adverbs in the sentence. On the whole, the more subjective adverbs, the easier to break away from the predicate, the higher the frequency of use before the subject. Through semantic and pragmatic analysis, it can be found that the change of position of many adverbs will affect the focus of the sentence and reflect the difference of the scope of the central government, and the adverb has the obvious function of text connection when it appears at the beginning of the sentence. In addition, this paper divides the adverbs into 11 categories according to their meaning and distribution, and analyzes the characteristics of the relative position relationship between different adverbs and their subjects. It is found that the adverbs that can be used before the subject are mainly modal adverbs, temporal adverbs and limited adverbs. This result is basically consistent with the current priority of adverbs studied by predecessors.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】