现代汉语“超”的多角度研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 07:06

本文选题：“超” + 语法化　；参考：《扬州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语中“超”所能表达的意义丰富、用法复杂,本文通过运用描写与解释相结合、归纳与演绎相结合、计量统计与定性分析相结合、历时语法化与共时对比相结合以及语言内部解释与外部解释相结合等多种研究方法,对“超”进行了多角度研究。全文共分为六个部分：绪论,阐明了选题意义、前人研究成果,简单介绍了本文主要内容、语料来源。第一章分析了“超”的语法化。意义方面,在对古代汉语中“超”的使用情况进行统计分析、对其主要意义及用法详细描写的基础上,梳理出“超”的历时语义演变轨迹。结构方面,“超”由最初在述宾结构中作动词,经过重新分析及语义重心转移,呈现出形容词词性,构成联合结构；形容词性“超”构成联合结构短语,经过再一次的语义重心转移,呈现出程度副词性质,构成状中短语。另一方面,在部分由动词性“超”构成的述宾短语中,经过重新分析,“超”呈现出程度副词性质,构成状中短语。综合使用频率等因素考虑,提出“超”作程度副词是当代语言发展中出现的新兴现象,其完成语法化的时间是新世纪以后。第二章描写了现代汉语中“超”的语法功能。根据“超”实际使用时充当的成分属于词汇系统中的不同层级,将之分为两个大类、四种情况分别阐述。作为词单独使用的“超”,分动词和程度副词两类。通过对大量语料的搜集、整理,分析了“超”作动词时带宾语、后附助词及受副词修饰的情况,对作新兴程度副词时修饰形容词、动词、名词的组合能力以及所修饰词语的类型、特点进行了详细解释。作为语素参与构词的“超”,分为词根和类词缀两类。通过对现代汉语中由“超”构成的词语进行分析,从意义角度对其作词根和作类词缀构成新词情况进一步分类,并分析了“超”作类词缀时的特点。第三章比较了与“超”意义、用法相近的词。通过将“超”与“超级”、典型程度副词(以“很”为例)、其他新兴程度副词(以“暴、巨、狂、奇”为例)进行共时比较,找出它们在意义及用法上的异同,突出“超”在现代汉语中的特点。第四章探索了影响“超”新兴用法产生的因素。从语言内部角度来看,语言交流、语言磨损与更新、类推机制和经济原则都促进了“超”新兴用法的产生：从语言外部环境来看,社会发展为“超”新兴用法的产生提供了动力条件,媒体推动为其拓展提供了传播平台,使用者求新求异的心理提供了心理平台。结语部分,总结了本文的主要结论,提出研究中存在的不足之处。
[Abstract]:The meaning of "super" in modern Chinese is rich and its usage is complicated. This paper combines description with interpretation, induction with deduction, quantitative statistics with qualitative analysis. In this paper, the synchronic contrastive and synchronic synonyms of diachronic grammaticalization and the combination of internal interpretation and external interpretation are studied from various angles. The full text is divided into six parts: Introduction, clarify the significance of the topic, previous research results, a brief introduction of the main content of this paper, the source of the corpus. The first chapter analyzes the grammaticalization of Super. In the aspect of meaning, on the basis of the statistical analysis of the use of "super" in ancient Chinese, and the detailed description of its main meaning and usage, the author sorts out the diachronic semantic evolution of "Chao". In terms of structure, "super" is first used as a verb in the object structure, and after reanalysis and semantic center of gravity, it presents adjective parts of speech and forms a joint structure, while adjective "super" constitutes a joint structural phrase. Once again, the semantic center of gravity changes, showing the degree of adverb nature, the formation of the phrase in the situation. On the other hand, in the part of the verb "super", after reanalysis, the "super" shows the nature of degree adverb, and constitutes the middle phrase. Considering the factors such as frequency of use, the author points out that "super" degree adverb is a new phenomenon in the development of contemporary language, and the time of its grammaticalization is after the new century. Chapter two describes the grammatical function of "super" in modern Chinese. According to the fact that "super" is used as a component belonging to different levels of lexical system, it can be divided into two categories. "Super" as a single word is divided into two categories: verbs and adverbs of degree. Through the collection and arrangement of a large amount of data, this paper analyzes the situation of "super" as a verb with object, attached auxiliary and modified by adverb, modifies adjectives and verbs when used as adverb of emerging degree. The combination ability of nouns and the types and characteristics of the modifiers are explained in detail. As a morpheme to participate in word formation, "super" can be divided into two categories: root and affix. Through the analysis of the words made up of "super" in modern Chinese, this paper further classifies the formation of neologisms from the perspective of meaning, and analyzes the characteristics of "super" when used as affixes. The third chapter compares the meaning and usage of the word "super". By comparing "super" with "super", typical degree adverbs (taking "very" as an example, and other emerging degree adverbs (such as "violent, huge, crazy, odd" as an example), we find out their similarities and differences in meaning and usage. Highlight the characteristics of "super" in modern Chinese. Chapter four explores the factors that influence the emerging usage of "super". From an internal perspective, language communication, language wear and renewal, analogies and economic principles all contribute to the emergence of "super" emerging uses: from the perspective of the language's external environment, The social development provides the motive force for the emergence of the new usage of "super", the media promotion provides the communication platform for its expansion, and the psychology of the users seeking for new and different things provides the psychological platform. The conclusion part summarizes the main conclusions of this paper and points out the shortcomings of the research.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】