以马斯洛需要层次理论为指导的新闻报刊委婉语功能的研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 15:05

本文选题：委婉语 + 语用功能　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：互联网时代的发展加快了新闻传播的速度并拓宽了新闻的覆盖面，然而考虑到读者生理和心理层面的需要，不可避免的要使用委婉的表达去替代那些直白或难以启齿的词汇。因此委婉语的使用变得越来越广泛，对它的研究也数不胜数。大多数语言学家从文化及语用学的角度出发对其进行深入的研究。文化视角主要包括禁忌、传统道德、社会规约以及宗教等因素；语用学方面主要是从言语行为理论、合作原则、礼貌原则、面子理论和顺应论的视角出发并结合英汉委婉语的差异来进行对比研究。然而对于委婉语在新闻报刊这一领域下运用的研究相对较少，尤其是结合马斯洛需要层次理论对委婉语的语用功能进行的研究。所以，本文尝试在马斯洛需要层次理论视角下，对新闻报刊中委婉语的掩饰功能及其满足的生理和心理的层次进行实证研究，目的是研究新闻报刊中委婉语的掩饰功能是如何体现出来的及其满足了马斯洛需要层次理论中哪些层次的需要。本研究首先主要通过大量阅读国外新闻和报刊中的报道以及国内新闻的英译本，查阅并搜集历史上典型使用委婉语的相关报道。然后分析所掌握资料中新闻报刊委婉语所体现的掩饰功能。最后在马斯洛需要层次理论指导下分析委婉语实例，探析并总结委婉语的掩饰功能与马斯洛需要层次理论之间的关系，即满足了哪几个层次的需要，来达到掩盖真实情况的目的。研究结果发现，委婉语是英语新闻报刊中普遍使用的一种表达形式，其语用功能主要包括避讳功能、避俗功能、礼貌功能及掩饰功能。从新闻报刊中的社会生活、战争及政治等方面来看，委婉语的掩饰功能体现的淋漓尽致。它主要用来掩饰贫穷、失业、过错及罪恶等社会问题，从而减少社会矛盾；用来掩饰侵略战争，达到发动战争者试图淡化战争给人们带来的灾难的目的；用来掩饰政治丑闻，掩盖事实的真相，从而将当权者对公众造成的消极影响降到最低。根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，委婉语的使用主要是满足低层次需要中的安全需要及归属与爱的需要，，满足高层次需要中的自尊需要和美学需要。正是这些需要促进了委婉语的产生与发展。委婉语既是人们相互交流洽谈的重要手段，也能避免直接的陈述给听话者造成的伤害，在语言交际中起着“润滑剂”的作用。
[Abstract]:The development of the Internet era accelerates the speed of news dissemination and broadens the coverage of news. However, considering the needs of the readers' physiological and psychological aspects, euphemism is inevitably used to replace those words that are straightforward or difficult to articulate. Therefore, the use of euphemism has become more and more widespread, and the study of euphemism is innumerable. Most linguists study it from the perspective of culture and pragmatics. The cultural perspective mainly includes taboo, traditional morality, social regulation and religion. Pragmatics mainly includes speech act theory, cooperation principle, politeness principle, etc. From the perspective of face theory and adaptation theory, and combining the differences between English and Chinese euphemism, a comparative study is made. However, there are relatively few studies on the application of euphemism in the field of news and newspapers, especially on the pragmatic function of euphemism based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Therefore, this paper attempts to make an empirical study on the concealment function of euphemism and its satisfying physiological and psychological levels in the perspective of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. The purpose of this paper is to study how the disguise function of euphemism in newspapers and periodicals is embodied and meets the needs of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In this study, we first read a large number of reports in foreign news, newspapers and periodicals and English versions of domestic news, and then collected historical reports on euphemism. Then the paper analyzes the concealment function of euphemism in news newspapers and periodicals. Finally, under the guidance of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, this paper analyzes the examples of euphemism, analyzes and summarizes the relationship between the concealment function of euphemism and Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs, that is, which levels of needs are satisfied. To cover up the truth. The results show that euphemism is a common form of expression in English newspapers and periodicals. Its pragmatic functions include taboo function, vulgar avoidance function, politeness function and cover up function. From the aspects of social life, war and politics in the news and newspapers, the concealment function of euphemism is incisive and incisive. It is mainly used to conceal social problems such as poverty, unemployment, fault and crime, thereby reducing social contradictions; to cover up wars of aggression for the purpose of trying to dilute the disasters caused by war; to cover up political scandals; Conceal the truth, thus minimizing the negative impact of those in power on the public. According to Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs, euphemism is mainly used to meet the needs of security, belonging and love, self-esteem and aesthetic needs of high-level needs. It is these needs that promote the emergence and development of euphemism. Euphemism is not only an important means for people to communicate and negotiate with each other, but also can avoid the harm caused by direct statements to the hearer, which plays the role of "lubricant" in language communication.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H136;H313

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