《洪武正韵译训》的声母体系研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 02:50

本文选题：《洪武正韵》 + 《洪武正韵译训》　；参考：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：韩半岛在朝鲜王朝时期,非常重视与中国的外交关系。他们设立司译院,把汉语书籍作为首要翻译对象,同时培养出了大批汉语翻译人才和学者。尤其是世宗大王创制训民正音后,这些学者以其为记录手段为中国韵书注音对译,编纂出很多对音韵书。其中,《洪武正韵译训》是最重要的对音韵书之一。训民正音一创制完毕,世宗大王即命申叔舟等学者,用训民正音对当时明朝官修韵书《洪武正韵》进行对音注解,于1455年完成《洪武正韵译训》。该韵书记录了正、俗音两种音韵体系。正音体系即《洪武正韵》编纂时所体现的“中原雅音”体系,俗音体系即《译训》编纂时,申叔舟等学者考察的中国15世纪的“时音”体系。目前针对《洪武正韵译训》的相关性研究体现在以下两方面：韩国学者的研究主要集中于缺本复原、序文分析和凡例翻译等文献工作；中国学者对其的专门性研究较少,大多是通过与其他韵书的比较来考察中国近代音的历时变化。由此看来,对《洪武正韵译训》音系方面的研究还相对较少,对声母体系的专门性研究也较为缺乏。本论文即是以《洪武正韵译训》的声母系统为考察对象,通过对韵书中声母正音体系和俗音体系的整理分析,总结15世纪中国北方官话的声母特征及其语音演变情况。首先对《洪武正韵译训》收录汉字的正音、俗音以及反切标记按照章节、韵目进行了整理,而后对整理的资料进行分析说明,最后总结出《洪武正韵译训》声母系统的特点。整篇论文分为五个章节加以论述。第一章,首先对本文研究目的、以往的研究概况和研究方法等问题进行了说明。第二章,介绍了《洪武正韵译训》编纂的历史背景。结合《洪武正韵》的编纂状况及影响、训民正音的创制和朝鲜初期的译学状况,介绍了《洪武正韵译训》的编纂动机、过程及其影响和版本等问题。第三章,对《洪武正韵译训》声母体系进行全面系统的整理分析。首先介绍了洪武韵31声母及其音值考察状况,然后按照牙、舌、唇、齿、喉的顺序,对31个声母所对应的正音标记、反切上字标记、例字、俗音标记等用表格进行分类整理,尤其是在各个声母的正、俗音对应方面,单独列出一个表格,使声母正、俗音变化状况更直观地得以体现。并在表格后归纳处声母的对应状况和变化现象。第四章,结合序文和凡例内容,对第三章体现的语音变化现象进行了分析说明,总结出《洪武正韵译训》声母系统的特征。主要观点如下： 1.《译训》编纂完成时,中国北方音己发生较多变化,但碍于《洪武正韵》官修韵书的地位,俗音更多保留了正音的特征。尤其是声母方面,大多仍沿用正音的声母。 2.疑母的喻母(零声母)化现象较多,同时也有2例喻母的疑母化现象,说明当时存在疑、喻母混用状况。 3.零声母化现象不仅出现在疑母中,在影母中也出现了1例。 4.浊音的清音化现象在时音中普遍出现。31声母的9个全浊声母,大都已清音化,但原文中大多仍保留全浊标记。只有3个例外,即“定母”、“N&母”中各出现1例“全浊音→次清音”现象,“匣母”中出现1例“全浊音→全清音”现象。 5.韵书在编纂时,充分考虑到中国北方音的演变现状,将知_钩文覆⑷胝沾﹔@母；娘母并入泥母；敷母并入非母。第五章,对全文内容总结。将《洪武正韵译训》31声母的正音、俗音对应状况用表格整理,并再次列举本文中分析整理的声母特征。《洪武正韵译训》作为朝鲜第一部对音韵书,其正、俗音音韵体系对其后的《四声通解》等韵书的创制有着深远的影响。通过对其音韵体系的研究,可以为这些韵书的研究提供一定的理论依据,同时可以对当时韩语音韵体系的研究提供确切的证据。此外,本文对中国15世纪北方官话的历时演变研究和《洪武正韵》地位的重新评价等问题,也具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:In the period of the Korean dynasty , the Korean Peninsula attaches great importance to diplomatic relations with China . They set up a Chinese translation institute to translate Chinese books as the first translation object , and cultivate a large number of Chinese translators and scholars .

At present , the study of the relevance of the translation and training is reflected in the following two aspects : the study of Korean scholars mainly focuses on the literature work such as the lack of this restoration , the analysis of the preface and the translation of all cases ;
Chinese scholars have little research on their specialization , mostly by comparing the diachronic changes of Chinese modern sounds by comparing with other metrical books . So it seems that the research on the phonetic system is relatively few , and the research on the specialized research of the sound mother system is also lacking .

In this paper , the author summarizes the characteristics of Chinese northern Mandarin and its phonetic evolution in the 15th century , based on the analysis of the sound - and - sound system and custom - sound system of Chinese northern Mandarin in the 15th century .

In the first chapter , the research aim , the research situation and the research method of the previous research are described first .

In the second chapter , the author introduces the historical background of the compilation of Yunwu Zheng Yunwu .

In the third chapter , the systematic analysis of the sound mother system of Hongwu Yunwu Zhengyun is carried out . First of all , the author introduces the status of the phonetic alphabet of Hongwuyun 31 and its phonetic value , then sorts out the corresponding sound mark , anti - cut upper character mark , case character and custom sound mark in the order of tooth , tongue , lip , tooth and throat .

Chapter four , combining the contents of the preface and the second chapter , analyses the phenomenon of phonetic change embodied in the third chapter , and summarizes the characteristics of the pronunciation and mother system of Hongwu Zhengyun . The main point of view is as follows :

1 . At the completion of the compilation of the Chinese version , the northern sound of China has changed much , but the position of Zhengyin ' s rhyme book is still in the way of being in the way , and the characteristic of the positive tone is preserved more . Especially in the aspect of the sound mother , most of the vowels still follow the sound mother .

2 . The phenomenon of mother - to - mother ( zero - tone mother ) is much more , and there are two cases of mother - to - mother , which indicates the existence of suspicion and mother - mother mixed condition .

3 . The phenomenon not only appeared in the suspect mother , but also appeared in one case in the shadow mother .

4 . The phenomenon of " whole - voiced " and " full - voiced " appeared in the case of " whole - voiced " and " whole - voiced " in the " box - mother " .

5 . During compilation , full consideration should be given to the status quo of the evolution of the northern tone of China .
the mother mother is merged with the mud mother ;
the mother tongue is incorporated into the non - female parent .

The fifth chapter summarizes the contents of the whole text . The author sets forth the phonetic and secular correspondence status of the mother ' s mother ' s tone and the custom sound in the Yunwu Zhengyun Translation Institute , and then lists the characteristics of the sound mother analyzed and collated in this paper .

As the first part of North Korea , it has far - reaching influence on the creation of Korean phonology . Through the study of its phonetic system , this paper can provide some theoretical basis for the study of the phonology of Korean language .
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H114.3

【参考文献】