汉语自贬的语用研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 15:21

【摘要】：自贬是说话人通过降低对自己或与自己密切相关的人、物、事的评价，以对听话人实施特定语用功能的言语行为。本文首先综述了以Grice的合作原则和Leech的礼貌原则为理论基础的国内外语言学文献中诸如贬己尊人准则、谦词、自谦等涉及自贬的研究成果，然后以126例汉语自贬自然语料为研究材料，从会话角色、话轮位置、语用功能等三个维度展开单一维度和跨维度的语用研究，通过语料的量化分析结果观察得出自贬的发生规律，进而揭示自贬的发生机制。从会话角色的维度来看，自贬主要出现于低权势说话人对高权势听话人的言语交际中，这是由中国社会的权力距离指数和说话人说话方式的选择自由度所决定的。从话轮位置的维度来看，自贬主要出现于应对话轮，，这是言语交际双方努力维持言语平等关系的结果。从语用功能的维度来看，说话人可以通过使用自贬向听话人实施陈述事实、表示礼貌、制造幽默、推卸任务、隐藏实力、博取赞扬等语用功能。从上述三个维度的跨维度分析可知，自贬是一种主要由低权势说话人向高权势听话人使用的、以应对性为主的、以表示礼貌和陈述事实为主要语用功能的言语行为。
[Abstract]:Self-deprecation is a speech act in which the speaker performs a specific pragmatic function on the hearer by lowering the evaluation of himself or the person, thing or thing closely related to himself. This paper first summarizes the research achievements on self-deprecation in the domestic and foreign linguistic literature based on Grice's Cooperative principle and Leech's Politeness principle, such as self-deprecation criterion, modesty, self-modesty and so on. Then 126 cases of self-deprecating natural language data are used as the research materials to carry out a single dimension and a cross-dimensional pragmatic study from the three dimensions of conversational role, turn-around position and pragmatic function. Through the quantitative analysis of the corpus, the occurrence law of self-demotion is obtained, and the mechanism of self-demotion is revealed. From the perspective of conversational role, self-deprecation mainly occurs in the verbal communication between the low-power speaker and the high-power listener, which is determined by the power distance index of Chinese society and the freedom of choice of the speaker's way of speaking. From the perspective of turn position, self-deprecation mainly occurs in coping turn, which is the result of both sides' efforts to maintain the equal relationship between speech and speech. From the perspective of pragmatic function, the speaker can use self-deprecation to present facts to the hearer, express politeness, make humor, shirk the task, hide his power and gain praise. From the cross-dimensional analysis of the above three dimensions, we can see that self-deprecation is a kind of speech act which is mainly used by low-power speakers to high-power hearers, which is mainly responsive, with the main pragmatic functions of expressing politeness and stating facts.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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