长治方言形容词重叠研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 12:28

【摘要】：重叠是汉语里一种分布很广、适用性很强的重要的语法手段,它不只出现在现代汉语共同语——普通话里,在其地域性变体——方言中也丰富多彩。近几年,关于现代汉语中各词类的重叠研究已经取得了相当丰硕的成果,其中,形容词的重叠,更是出现在了各类期刊、论文、专著等研究成果中。本文就是基于这种语言研究环境来对家乡话——晋语区长治方言的形容词重叠形式、重叠意义和重叠功能进行的描写性和分析性的研究。重叠式方面,长治方言中单音节形容词与普通话基本类似,但其双音节形容词重叠形式丰富多样,除了有普通话里最常见的ABB式、AXX式、AABB式、ABAB式外,还有具有特色的XAA式、AYBB式、AYXX式和变式XAXB式、XAYZ式、XAYB式等。其中AABB式因AA与BB的紧密程度不同可分为不同的小类。ABB式分为有基式的和无基式的两大类,无基式的ABB式又可以在普通话里找到语义上与自己相同的BA词。AXX式由于A与X之间关系的不同,可以分为附加式、述补式和音缀式三种;重叠式语义方面,长治方言里形容词各重叠式的语法意义与普通话中的相同类基本一致,但长治方言在特定语法意义类别的重叠式范畴、下层意义种类、几种变式的独特意义等方面表现出不同。“属性单一化”和“语义抽象化”这两个充分必要条件直接规定了只有特定的重叠式才会有程度义。长治方言中形容词各种重叠式几乎都表状态义,由于重叠结构和重叠基式性质的不同,各种重叠式会分别表现出“一元状态”和“二元状态”与“具象状态”和“泛化状态”的不同。评估性上,长治方言多用入声字来表达一种主观上不喜欢、轻视的色彩义;在语法功能上,与普通话相同,长治方言形容词各重叠式均可以做除主语和谓语之外的其他句法成分。句法搭配方面,重叠式不同、句式不同,与结构助词“嘞”的同现情况也就不同,长治方言的重叠式做状语时只有方式状语、情景状语和伴随状语三种情况。各种重叠式做补语的能力比较强,仅次于功能最强的定语,且大都用来补充说明谓语中动作行为或性质的结果和状态,有时只有其中一种,有时二者兼有,但偏向一面。长治方言的形容词重叠在重叠式种类、语法意义次类和句法功能上表现出了与普通话很大的不同,经过对两者简要的对比分析,可以总结概括出长治方言的形容词重叠特征和语法规律,从而为今后还需长期进行研究和深入探讨的一些问题提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Reduplication is an important grammatical method with wide distribution and strong applicability in Chinese. It not only appears in common language-Putonghua in modern Chinese, but also in its regional variant-dialect. In recent years, the research on the overlapping of parts of speech in modern Chinese has made a lot of achievements, among which, the overlapping of adjectives appears in all kinds of journals, papers, monographs and other research results. This paper is based on this language research environment to study the adjective reduplication, the reduplicative meaning and the overlapping function of Changzhi dialect in Changzhi dialect. In the aspect of reduplication, the monosyllabic adjectives in Changzhi dialect are basically similar to Putonghua, but the double syllable adjectives overlap in various forms, except for the ABB type AXX type and AABB type / ABAB type, which are the most common in Putonghua. Also has the characteristic XAA type AYBB type AYXX type and the variant XAXB type XAYZ type XAYB type and so on. Because of the different tightness between AA and BB, the AABB type can be divided into two categories: the basic type and the baseless type. The baseless ABB can also find the BA word .AXX, which is semantically the same as itself in Putonghua. Because of the difference between A and X, it can be divided into three types: additional type, narration type and phonetic type; The grammatical meanings of adjectives in Changzhi dialect are basically the same as those in Putonghua, but Changzhi dialect is different in the categories of reduplication of certain grammatical meaning categories, the types of lower meanings, and the unique meanings of several variants. The two necessary and sufficient conditions of "attribute simplification" and "semantic abstraction" directly stipulate that only specific reduplication can have degree meaning. In Changzhi dialect, almost all kinds of reduplication of adjectives express the state meaning, because of the difference of the overlapping structure and the property of overlapping basis, The reduplicative states show the difference between "univariate state" and "binary state" and "figurative state" and "generalized state" respectively. In terms of evaluation, Changzhi dialect mostly uses input words to express a subjective disliking and despising color meaning; in terms of grammatical functions, it is the same as Putonghua. Every reduplication of adjectives in Changzhi dialect can be used as other syntactic elements except subject and predicate. In the aspect of syntactic collocation, there are only three kinds of adverbials: mode adverbial, situational adverbial and adjoint adverbial when the superposition of Changzhi dialect is used as adverbial. All kinds of reduplicative complements are relatively strong, second only to the most powerful attributive, and most of them are used to explain the result and state of the action behavior or nature in the predicate. Sometimes there is only one of them, sometimes both are both, but they tend to one side. The reduplication of adjectives in Changzhi dialect shows a great difference from that of Putonghua in the categories of reduplication, grammatical meaning subclasses and syntactic functions. The characteristics of adjective reduplication and grammatical rules of Changzhi dialect can be summarized so as to provide some references for further study and further discussion.
【学位授予单位】：喀什大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H172.2

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