常熟方言音韵演变研究
发布时间：2018-08-05 19:42
【摘要】：北部吴语是吴语中分布面积最广的一支,由于受到北方官话的持续影响,通常都认为北部吴语不再保留早期吴语的面貌。常熟方言因其特殊的地理位置,曾经的长江天险造成常熟与外界交流不便,较少的语言接触使常熟方言保留较多古吴语特点；尽管同周边方言一样受到普通话及外来移民的影响,但演变速度相对迟缓,残存历史演变的痕迹,因此具有重要的研究价值。前人对常熟方言语音的研究已取得一些成果,但学界还缺少对常熟方言音韵结构演变和历史层次的全面把握；有关常熟方言内部所呈现的差异性和一致性,某些音韵现象还有待作出细致深入的分析。本文在前人调查和研究的基础上,结合我们新近的调查材料,全面考察常熟方言的语音面貌,厘清方言语音的层次结构,对相关音类的演变作出解释,再把常熟方言放回到北部吴语研究中考察吴语演变的规律性。全文共分八章。第一章是绪论,首先介绍常熟的地理、历史和方言的概况；其次介绍本文的研究背景和已有的相关成果,同时举例说明本文的研究方法和材料；最后是有关发音合作人的简介。第二章全面描写常熟方言声韵调系统及主要音韵特点,整理出声韵调配合表；再对方言音变的情况作较为详细的列举和探讨,包括两字组连读变调、文白异读、新老异读和自由变读。第三章讨论常熟方言声母的历史演变,这是本文的重点内容,也是常熟方言区别于其他北部吴语的重要特征。其中分作唇音、牙喉音、舌齿音三类进行讨论,唇音部分涉及轻重唇的文白读和单字音的特殊表现等；牙喉音部分主要探讨见组各等字声母的腭化及不同性质的腭化形式,还厘清了匣母字今读所叠置的历史层次等；舌齿音部分主要讨论精组字尖音的保留和从邪澄禅船崇母读音的演变以及对所存在的异读性质的探讨,还分析了常熟方言古知庄章声母的读音类型和历史演变情况,这是知庄章声母早期音值在现代吴语中的表现。第四章讨论常熟方言阴声韵的演变,依次讨论果摄、鱼虞韵、麻佳韵、蟹摄和止摄合口韵,以及侯尤两韵在常熟方言中的音韵演变,其中不仅包括读音符合演变规律的归纳总结,还详细分析了音值特殊的表现和所对应的历史层次。比如,常熟方言虞韵的特例字“鬟”的白读音是与闽语来源相一致的层次,它代表了北部吴语早期虞韵的层次；同时在探讨演变过程中,我们不仅关注今读的主体层,还重视对非主体层性质的考察。比如,关于侯、尤两韵唇音字的演变,我们注意到它们还有与主体层相异的层次,以词汇扩散的方式读入模、豪韵或读作声化韵。最后,归纳古阴声韵的分合情况。第五章讨论常熟方言阳入声韵的演变,分别为宕江摄、曾梗摄、通摄三类韵母。通过分析宕江药觉韵的今读情况,我们仍可看到宕江两摄有分别的北部吴语实例。我们还从梗曾摄的文白异读入手,按等次分别考察保留白读层的情况。此外,还讨论了通摄三等见组字细音白读的性质和通摄入声字的演变及“梦”的特殊读音现象。最后,对古阳入声韵的分合情况进行归纳。第六章按照舒、促声分别讨论常熟方言声调的历史演变,依次列出合流现象的例字。第七章分别从声、韵、调三方面讨论常熟方言内部的一致性与呈现出的地域差异性,再与邻近吴语作比较,绘制方言地图,既可直观地展示常熟方言的语音特点,又可多角度探讨常熟方言音韵的历史演变。第八章是本文的结语,在前文论述的基础上,综述主要的研究结论；对本文的研究步骤和所取得的成效加以阐述。同时,指出本文尚存的不足之处和今后研究的展望。
[Abstract]:The northern Wu language is the most widely distributed area in the Wu language. Due to the continuous influence of the northern Mandarin, the northern Wu dialect is usually considered to have no longer retained the appearance of the early Wu language. Because of its special geographical position, the Changshu dialect has caused the inconvenient communication between Changshu and the outside world, and the Changshu dialect is kept more ancient by less language contact. The characteristics of the Wu language, although influenced by Mandarin and immigrants like the surrounding dialects, have a relatively slow evolution and a trace of historical evolution. Therefore, it has important research value. The predecessors have made some achievements in the study of the phonetics of Changshu dialect, but the academic circles still lack the evolution of the phonological structure and the historical level of the Changshu dialect. Fully grasp the differences and consistence in Changshu dialect, some phonological phenomena still need to be analyzed in detail. On the basis of previous investigation and research, this article comprehensively investigates the phonetic features of Changshu dialect, clarifies the level structure of dialect phonetics, and the related phonetic types. The evolution is explained, and then the Changshu dialect is put back in the study of the northern Wu language to investigate the regularity of the evolution of the Wu language. The full text is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. First, it introduces the geography, history and dialect of Changshu; secondly, it introduces the background of the study and the related achievements in this paper, and also illustrates the research methods and materials of this article. In the second chapter, the second chapter describes the sound and rhyme characteristics of the dialect and the characteristics of the main phonology, collates the sound and tone coordination table, and then gives a detailed list and discussion of the dialect phonetic change, including the combination of the two characters, the text, the new old and the free reading and the free reading. The third chapter discusses the theory of the dialects. The historical evolution of the consonant is the key content of this article. It is also an important feature of the Changshu dialect, which is distinguished from the other northern Wu languages. It is divided into three categories: lip sound, tooth and throat sound, and tongue and tooth sound. The lip sound part involves the white reading of the heavy labial lips and the special expression of the monosyllabic phonograph, and the teeth and laryngeal part mainly discuss the palate of the group of each consonant. It also clarifies the different forms of the palate of different nature, and clarifies the historical level of the superposition of the present reading of the Chinese character. The part of the tongue and tooth voice mainly discusses the retention of the sharp notes and the evolution of the pronunciation of the worship from the worship of the mother of the Xicheng Zen, as well as the exploration of the nature of the present reading, as well as the pronunciation types and historical evolvement of the consonant of the ancient Guizhi Zhuang in Changshu dialect. This is the expression of the early sound value in the modern Wu language. The fourth chapter discusses the evolution of the Yin phonology in the Changshu dialect, and discusses the evolution of the Yin and rhymes in the dialect of Changshu dialect. It discusses the evolution of the phonology in Changshu dialect, including fruit photography, fish Yu rhyme, Ma Jia rhyme, crab photography and stop harmony rhyme, and the evolution of Hou Yu's two rhyme in the dialect of Changshu. The special expression of the sound value and the corresponding historical level are analyzed. For example, the white pronunciation of the special case of Yu Yun in Changshu dialect is the same level as the source of the Min dialect. It represents the level of the early Yu rhyme in the northern Wu dialect. At the same time, in the course of discussion and evolution, we not only pay attention to the main layer of the present reading, but also attach importance to the nature of the non main layer. For example, about the evolution of Hou and two rhyme words, we notice that they are different from the main layer, reading the model, rhyme, or phonological rhyme in the way of vocabulary diffusion. Finally, it sums up the classification of the ancient Yin rhyme. The fifth chapter discusses the evolution of the sound of Yang in the Changshu dialect, which are three types, such as Dang Jiang, once and through. Through the analysis of the present situation of the rhyme of Dang River, we can still see the two examples of the Wu dialect in the north of Dang Jiang. We also examine the situation of keeping the white reading layer by the same order, and discuss the nature of the fine tone and white reading, the evolution of the "dream" and the "dream" and "dream". In the sixth chapter, the sixth chapter discusses the historical evolution of the tone of the dialect in Changshu dialect. The seventh chapters discuss the consistency and regional differences of the internal dialects in Changshu dialect from the sound, the rhyme and the tone, and then to the neighbours. In comparison with the Wu dialect, drawing dialectal maps can not only intuitively display the phonetic characteristics of Changshu dialect, but also discuss the historical evolution of the phonology of Changshu dialect in many angles. The eighth chapter is the conclusion of this article. On the basis of the foregoing discussion, it summarizes the main research conclusions, and expounds the research steps and achievements of this article. At the same time, it points out that Shortcomings and future research prospects of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H173
本文编号：2166821
[Abstract]:The northern Wu language is the most widely distributed area in the Wu language. Due to the continuous influence of the northern Mandarin, the northern Wu dialect is usually considered to have no longer retained the appearance of the early Wu language. Because of its special geographical position, the Changshu dialect has caused the inconvenient communication between Changshu and the outside world, and the Changshu dialect is kept more ancient by less language contact. The characteristics of the Wu language, although influenced by Mandarin and immigrants like the surrounding dialects, have a relatively slow evolution and a trace of historical evolution. Therefore, it has important research value. The predecessors have made some achievements in the study of the phonetics of Changshu dialect, but the academic circles still lack the evolution of the phonological structure and the historical level of the Changshu dialect. Fully grasp the differences and consistence in Changshu dialect, some phonological phenomena still need to be analyzed in detail. On the basis of previous investigation and research, this article comprehensively investigates the phonetic features of Changshu dialect, clarifies the level structure of dialect phonetics, and the related phonetic types. The evolution is explained, and then the Changshu dialect is put back in the study of the northern Wu language to investigate the regularity of the evolution of the Wu language. The full text is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. First, it introduces the geography, history and dialect of Changshu; secondly, it introduces the background of the study and the related achievements in this paper, and also illustrates the research methods and materials of this article. In the second chapter, the second chapter describes the sound and rhyme characteristics of the dialect and the characteristics of the main phonology, collates the sound and tone coordination table, and then gives a detailed list and discussion of the dialect phonetic change, including the combination of the two characters, the text, the new old and the free reading and the free reading. The third chapter discusses the theory of the dialects. The historical evolution of the consonant is the key content of this article. It is also an important feature of the Changshu dialect, which is distinguished from the other northern Wu languages. It is divided into three categories: lip sound, tooth and throat sound, and tongue and tooth sound. The lip sound part involves the white reading of the heavy labial lips and the special expression of the monosyllabic phonograph, and the teeth and laryngeal part mainly discuss the palate of the group of each consonant. It also clarifies the different forms of the palate of different nature, and clarifies the historical level of the superposition of the present reading of the Chinese character. The part of the tongue and tooth voice mainly discusses the retention of the sharp notes and the evolution of the pronunciation of the worship from the worship of the mother of the Xicheng Zen, as well as the exploration of the nature of the present reading, as well as the pronunciation types and historical evolvement of the consonant of the ancient Guizhi Zhuang in Changshu dialect. This is the expression of the early sound value in the modern Wu language. The fourth chapter discusses the evolution of the Yin phonology in the Changshu dialect, and discusses the evolution of the Yin and rhymes in the dialect of Changshu dialect. It discusses the evolution of the phonology in Changshu dialect, including fruit photography, fish Yu rhyme, Ma Jia rhyme, crab photography and stop harmony rhyme, and the evolution of Hou Yu's two rhyme in the dialect of Changshu. The special expression of the sound value and the corresponding historical level are analyzed. For example, the white pronunciation of the special case of Yu Yun in Changshu dialect is the same level as the source of the Min dialect. It represents the level of the early Yu rhyme in the northern Wu dialect. At the same time, in the course of discussion and evolution, we not only pay attention to the main layer of the present reading, but also attach importance to the nature of the non main layer. For example, about the evolution of Hou and two rhyme words, we notice that they are different from the main layer, reading the model, rhyme, or phonological rhyme in the way of vocabulary diffusion. Finally, it sums up the classification of the ancient Yin rhyme. The fifth chapter discusses the evolution of the sound of Yang in the Changshu dialect, which are three types, such as Dang Jiang, once and through. Through the analysis of the present situation of the rhyme of Dang River, we can still see the two examples of the Wu dialect in the north of Dang Jiang. We also examine the situation of keeping the white reading layer by the same order, and discuss the nature of the fine tone and white reading, the evolution of the "dream" and the "dream" and "dream". In the sixth chapter, the sixth chapter discusses the historical evolution of the tone of the dialect in Changshu dialect. The seventh chapters discuss the consistency and regional differences of the internal dialects in Changshu dialect from the sound, the rhyme and the tone, and then to the neighbours. In comparison with the Wu dialect, drawing dialectal maps can not only intuitively display the phonetic characteristics of Changshu dialect, but also discuss the historical evolution of the phonology of Changshu dialect in many angles. The eighth chapter is the conclusion of this article. On the basis of the foregoing discussion, it summarizes the main research conclusions, and expounds the research steps and achievements of this article. At the same time, it points out that Shortcomings and future research prospects of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H173
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1 莫娲;常熟方言音韵演变研究[D];南京大学;2013年
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