《尚书孔传》虚词研究
发布时间：2018-08-12 10:06
【摘要】：《尚书》是我国最早的政史文献汇编。从汉代至今,历代诸多学者对《尚书》做了大量的整理、考辨以及研究工作。《孔传》作为《尚书》的注疏语料,一直是经学研究的热点。《孔传》文本形成时代、作者等问题,仍然存在争议。这就需要我们采用新的理论和方法进行深入研究,而语言学方法是一个很好的选择。语言具有时空性,其表层结构与深层结构具有比较鲜明的差异性。语言具有社会性,任何文献语言都可以体现出那个时代的语言规则和表达习惯。《孔传》出现的时期是处于上古汉语向中古汉语发展的一个阶段。在语言特征上,不但具有其本身语言的时代性特点,也具有明显的继承性、过渡性等特点。本文通过计量的方法,考察《孔传》所有虚词,并进行详尽的描写以及系统的比较研究,客观、全面地反映《孔传》虚词的实际概况,从而揭示汉语虚词发展的规律与特点。同时,为文献学、训诂学、经学和学术史的研究提供有价值的研究资料,也为旷日持久的《孔传》辨伪提供新的方法和新的证据。论文在结构上分为上、下编。上编为《尚书孔传》副词研究；下编为《尚书孔传》代词、连词、介词、语气词、助词研究。凡7章。 第一章是《孔传》副词的分类及其特点。主要从副词在句中的语法意义角度,将副词分为判断、时间、程度、状态、疑问、关联、范围、劝令、否定、推度等十类,逐一分析每个副词特点,揭示副词的静态语义的分布情况以及每个副词在具体组合关系中呈现的动态意义。 第二章是副词的词频分析及其与古文《尚书》、清华简副词的比较研究。第一节是《孔传》副词词频的统计总表及其分析,主要是对《孔传》副词的数量、类别和个体副词频率进行考察,揭示其内在规律与特点。第二节是《孔传》副词与古文《尚书》副词的比较研究,主要从副词的数量、频率、语音形式、表义特征等方面揭示二者的差异性。第三节是《孔传》副词与清华简副词的比较研究,主要从副词的数量、频率等方面分析两者之间的联系与不同之处。 第三章是《孔传》代词的功用及其特点。第一节是人称代词的用法及其特点。第二节是指示代词的用法及其特点。第三节是疑问代词的用法及其特点。前三节主要是运用定性与定量相结合的方法,逐一考察每个代词的特点,并解释与分析代词在实际语境中的意义和功能。第四节是代词总表及其分析,主要是比较各类代词和代词内部的词频,进而揭示《孔传》代词词频存在明显差异、语法功能呈现集中化等规律与特点。 第四章是《孔传》连词的类型、用法及其特点。第一节至第八节主要是从连词的语法功能角度,将连词分为顺承、假设、递进、并列、选择、让步、因果、转折等八类,并通过定量与定性相结合的方法,对每一个连词进行描写归纳、解释与分析。第九节是连词总表及其分析,主要是考察每一类连词的使用频率以及分布情况,进而揭示《孔传》连词的使用频率存在不均衡,单音节连词占据优势,语法功能比较齐备,分工比较明确等规律与特征。 第五章是《孔传》介词的语法功能分析。第一节至第五节主要是从介词在句子中的功能角度,将介词分为五类：表与动作行为有关的工具、条件、方法和依据,表与动作行为有关的对象,表与动作行为有关的原因或目的,表与动作行为有关的时间,表与动作行为有关的处所或范围,并作详细的描写归纳、解释与分析。第六节是介词词频统计及其分析,主要是从介词的使用频率角度对《孔传》介词进行考察与分析,揭示出不同类、不同个体介词出现频率特点。第七节是关于介词“于”和“於”的讨论,从历时角度指出二者的出现与使用在不同时代存在明显差异。 第六章是《孔传》语气词的语用特征。第一节至第三节主要是根据语气词在句子中的语法意义,将语气词分为表陈述语气、表疑问语气、表感叹语气等三类,进而对每一个语气词进行描写归纳、解释与分析,揭示每个语气词在句中所具有的语法意义。第四节是语气词词频统计及其分析,主要是从频率角度对《孔传》语气词进行考察、统计与分析,揭示其内部出现频率、形式与跨类情况等存在差异性。 第七章是《孔传》助词的类型及其语用特点。第一节至第三节主要是根据助词的语法功能,把助词分为结构助词、语助词、语缀助词等三类；并通过定量与定性相结合的方法,对每一个助词进行描写归纳、解释与分析。第四节是助词词频统计及其分析,并对助词“之”和“是”进行讨论,指出两者的历时变化特征。 研究表明,《孔传》虚词具有鲜明的语法特点和语用特征,对于汉语语法史的研究具有重要参考价值。《孔传》的有些虚词材料可以为《孔传》真伪的辨析以及成书年代的研究提供新的证据。当然,《孔传》虚词研究本身也可以为中国文献学研究提供方法论参考。
[Abstract]:Shangshu is the earliest compilation of political and historical documents in China.Since the Han Dynasty, many scholars have done a lot of collation, textual research and Research on Shangshu.As an unfamiliar corpus of Shangshu, Confucian Biography has always been a hot topic in the study of Confucian classics.There are still controversies about the age of the formation of the text of Confucian Biography and the author.This requires us to adopt a new one. Linguistics is a good choice for further study of theories and methods. Language is spatio-temporal, and its surface structure and deep structure are quite different. Language is social, and any literature language can reflect the language rules and expression habits of that era. A stage in the development of Chinese into the Middle Ages. In terms of language features, it not only has its own characteristics of the times, but also has obvious characteristics of inheritance and transition. It also provides valuable research materials for the study of philology, exegetics, Confucian classics and academic history, and provides new methods and new evidence for distinguishing falsehood from falsehood. It is composed of "Shang Shu Kong Chuan", pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, modal particles and auxiliary words. The 7 chapter.
The first chapter is the classification and characteristics of the adverbs in Confucius Biography.From the angle of the grammatical meaning of the adverbs in the sentence, the adverbs are divided into ten categories: judgment, time, degree, state, interrogation, relevance, scope, persuasion, negation, inference, etc. The dynamic meaning presented in the Department.
The second chapter is the word frequency analysis of adverbs and the comparative study with the adverbs in Shangshu and Tsinghua bamboo slips.The first section is the statistical table and analysis of the frequency of adverbs in mainly inspects the quantity, category and frequency of individual adverbs in to reveal their inherent rules and characteristics.The second section is the adverbs in and the adverbs in ancient Chinese < Shangshu >. The third section is the comparative study of the adverbs of and the adverbs of Tsinghua bamboo slips, mainly from the number of adverbs, frequency, phonological form, the characteristics of meaning and other aspects to reveal the differences between the two.
The first section is the usage and characteristics of personal pronouns. The second section is the usage and characteristics of demonstrative pronouns. The third section is the usage and characteristics of interrogative pronouns. The fourth section is the general list of pronouns and its analysis, which mainly compares the frequency of pronouns and pronouns, and then reveals that there are obvious differences in the frequency of pronouns and the grammatical functions are centralized.
The fourth chapter is the types, usage and characteristics of the conjunctions in Confucius Biography.From the grammatical function of the conjunctions, the first to the eighth sections divide the conjunctions into eight categories: succession, hypothesis, progression, juxtaposition, choice, concession, cause and effect, turning point, etc. Syllable is the general list of conjunctions and its analysis, mainly examining the frequency and distribution of each type of conjunctions, and then revealing the uneven frequency of the use of conjunctions in Kongzhuan, monosyllabic conjunctions occupy the dominant position, grammatical functions are more complete, the division of labor is more clear and other laws and characteristics.
The fifth chapter is the analysis of the grammatical functions of the prepositions in Confucius Biography.From the perspective of the functions of the prepositions in the sentences, the first to the fifth sections divide the prepositions into five categories: the tools, conditions, methods and bases related to the action, the objects related to the action, the reasons or purposes related to the action, and the actions related to the action. The sixth section is about the statistics and analysis of preposition frequency, mainly from the perspective of the frequency of the use of prepositions, "Kong Chuan" prepositions were investigated and analyzed, revealing the frequency characteristics of different types and individual prepositions. The seventh section is about prepositions. In the discussion of Yu and Yu, it is pointed out from a diachronic point of view that there are obvious differences in their appearance and use in different times.
Chapter 6 is the pragmatic features of modal words in Confucius Biography.The first to third sections mainly divide modal words into three categories: declarative mood, interrogative mood and exclamatory mood according to the grammatical meaning of modal words in sentences. The fourth section is the statistics and analysis of the frequency of modal words, mainly from the perspective of frequency to investigate the modal words of, statistics and analysis, revealing the internal frequency, form and cross-category differences.
The seventh chapter is about the types and pragmatic features of auxiliaries in Confucius Biography.The first to third sections mainly divide the auxiliaries into three categories according to their grammatical functions: structural auxiliaries, linguistic auxiliaries and affix auxiliaries.By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, each auxiliaries is described, summarized, explained and analyzed.The fourth section is the frequency of auxiliaries. Taking into account the analysis, the auxiliary words "zhi" and "shi" are discussed, and the diachronic characteristics of the two are pointed out.
The research shows that the function words in Confucius Biography have distinct grammatical and pragmatic characteristics, which are of great reference value to the study of Chinese grammatical history. Provide methodological reference.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H141
本文编号：2178727
[Abstract]:Shangshu is the earliest compilation of political and historical documents in China.Since the Han Dynasty, many scholars have done a lot of collation, textual research and Research on Shangshu.As an unfamiliar corpus of Shangshu, Confucian Biography has always been a hot topic in the study of Confucian classics.There are still controversies about the age of the formation of the text of Confucian Biography and the author.This requires us to adopt a new one. Linguistics is a good choice for further study of theories and methods. Language is spatio-temporal, and its surface structure and deep structure are quite different. Language is social, and any literature language can reflect the language rules and expression habits of that era. A stage in the development of Chinese into the Middle Ages. In terms of language features, it not only has its own characteristics of the times, but also has obvious characteristics of inheritance and transition. It also provides valuable research materials for the study of philology, exegetics, Confucian classics and academic history, and provides new methods and new evidence for distinguishing falsehood from falsehood. It is composed of "Shang Shu Kong Chuan", pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, modal particles and auxiliary words. The 7 chapter.
The first chapter is the classification and characteristics of the adverbs in Confucius Biography.From the angle of the grammatical meaning of the adverbs in the sentence, the adverbs are divided into ten categories: judgment, time, degree, state, interrogation, relevance, scope, persuasion, negation, inference, etc. The dynamic meaning presented in the Department.
The second chapter is the word frequency analysis of adverbs and the comparative study with the adverbs in Shangshu and Tsinghua bamboo slips.The first section is the statistical table and analysis of the frequency of adverbs in
The first section is the usage and characteristics of personal pronouns. The second section is the usage and characteristics of demonstrative pronouns. The third section is the usage and characteristics of interrogative pronouns. The fourth section is the general list of pronouns and its analysis, which mainly compares the frequency of pronouns and pronouns, and then reveals that there are obvious differences in the frequency of pronouns and the grammatical functions are centralized.
The fourth chapter is the types, usage and characteristics of the conjunctions in Confucius Biography.From the grammatical function of the conjunctions, the first to the eighth sections divide the conjunctions into eight categories: succession, hypothesis, progression, juxtaposition, choice, concession, cause and effect, turning point, etc. Syllable is the general list of conjunctions and its analysis, mainly examining the frequency and distribution of each type of conjunctions, and then revealing the uneven frequency of the use of conjunctions in Kongzhuan, monosyllabic conjunctions occupy the dominant position, grammatical functions are more complete, the division of labor is more clear and other laws and characteristics.
The fifth chapter is the analysis of the grammatical functions of the prepositions in Confucius Biography.From the perspective of the functions of the prepositions in the sentences, the first to the fifth sections divide the prepositions into five categories: the tools, conditions, methods and bases related to the action, the objects related to the action, the reasons or purposes related to the action, and the actions related to the action. The sixth section is about the statistics and analysis of preposition frequency, mainly from the perspective of the frequency of the use of prepositions, "Kong Chuan" prepositions were investigated and analyzed, revealing the frequency characteristics of different types and individual prepositions. The seventh section is about prepositions. In the discussion of Yu and Yu, it is pointed out from a diachronic point of view that there are obvious differences in their appearance and use in different times.
Chapter 6 is the pragmatic features of modal words in Confucius Biography.The first to third sections mainly divide modal words into three categories: declarative mood, interrogative mood and exclamatory mood according to the grammatical meaning of modal words in sentences. The fourth section is the statistics and analysis of the frequency of modal words, mainly from the perspective of frequency to investigate the modal words of
The seventh chapter is about the types and pragmatic features of auxiliaries in Confucius Biography.The first to third sections mainly divide the auxiliaries into three categories according to their grammatical functions: structural auxiliaries, linguistic auxiliaries and affix auxiliaries.By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, each auxiliaries is described, summarized, explained and analyzed.The fourth section is the frequency of auxiliaries. Taking into account the analysis, the auxiliary words "zhi" and "shi" are discussed, and the diachronic characteristics of the two are pointed out.
The research shows that the function words in Confucius Biography have distinct grammatical and pragmatic characteristics, which are of great reference value to the study of Chinese grammatical history. Provide methodological reference.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H141
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