印象管理视角下的语用模糊

发布时间：2018-08-23 19:26

【摘要】：模糊语言是人们在日常交流中经常使用的一种言语交际策略。前人对这一现象的研究不乏少数,由最初的言语行为理论层面到今天大多数学者关注的实证性研究角度,其涉及领域相对较广,包括哲学、语言学及认知科学等领域。本论文旨在突破前人对语用模糊的研究对象和手段范畴,从社会心理学的角度,重新剖析语用模糊这一概念。 Leary和Kowalski在1990提出了一个印象管理的“两成分”模式,这为本文的研究提供了一个基本的理论框架。鉴于其跨学科特征,本文在这里采用了一个简化模式,即重点分析印象动机和印象建构这两个成分或过程的具体内容,而暂时放弃对影响这两成分的各种变量的研究。其中,印象动机主要关注那些促使人们在言语交际过程中有意识地采取语用模糊策略的原因或动机,而印象建构主要研究人们通过语用模糊这一言语行为意图建立并传递给他人具体的印象类型和策略。本文属于基于语料分析的定性研究,这里的语料主要收集于汉语语境下的各种文本,影视作品,网络以及日常会话等。研究发现,汉语语境中,人们使用模糊语言的确是因为某种印象管理动机的影响或调控。研究表明,印象动机主要有：(1)为得到某种想要的结果或意图避免某种不想要的结果,这些结果有时候可能是社交性的,有时候也可能是物质性的；(2)为构建或维护个人自尊；(3)为树立或维持个人身份。受这些动机影响,人们在交际时就会试图通过语用模糊的方式来构建或传达给别人某种想要传达的印象。一般来说,说话者意图构建的印象主要是有关其个人的一些积极特征,如自己和别人的相似性、有文化、有修养,社会地位高等。那么,交际者如何去构建这些印象呢?这是本文试图解决的第三个问题。根据使用语用模糊的目的,本论文采用印象管理理论中的获得性印象管理和保护性印象管理两个术语。本研究基于大量语料,揭示了语用模糊这一言语行为独特的一面。这不仅有利于帮助人们更全面地了解汉语语境下语用模糊产生的原因,更重要的是可以有效指导实际的交际者有效地使用语用模糊,通过这种交际策略实现交际目的。
[Abstract]:Fuzzy language is a kind of communicative strategy that people often use in daily communication. Previous studies on this phenomenon have been few and far between. From the theoretical level of speech act to the empirical perspective of most scholars today, it covers a relatively wide range of fields, including philosophy, linguistics and cognitive science. This paper aims to break through the research object and means of pragmatic fuzziness and re-analyze the concept of pragmatic fuzziness from the perspective of social psychology.
Leary and Kowalski proposed a two-component model of impression management in 1990, which provides a basic theoretical framework for this study. In view of its interdisciplinary characteristics, this paper adopts a simplified model, which focuses on the analysis of the specific contents of the two components or processes of impression motivation and impression construction, and gives up temporarily. Among them, impression motivation mainly focuses on the reasons or motivations that motivate people to consciously adopt pragmatic vagueness strategies in verbal communication, while impression construction mainly focuses on the types of impressions that people establish and pass on to others through pragmatic vagueness, the intention of speech act. Strategies. This paper is a qualitative study based on corpus analysis. The corpus is mainly collected from various texts, movies and TV works, the Internet and daily conversations in the Chinese context.
It is found that the use of vague language in Chinese context is indeed influenced or regulated by some kind of impression management motivation. Research shows that impression motivation mainly includes: (1) In order to get some desired results or to avoid some unwanted results, these results may be social and sometimes material. (2) to construct or maintain personal self-esteem; (3) to establish or maintain personal identity. Influenced by these motivations, people try to construct or convey an impression they want to convey in a pragmatic vague way. Generally speaking, the impression the speaker intends to construct is mainly related to some positive characteristics of the speaker, such as his or her personal identity. How do communicators construct these impressions? This is the third problem that this paper attempts to solve. According to the purpose of using pragmatic vagueness, this paper adopts two terms of the impression management theory: acquired impression management and protective impression management.
This study, based on a large number of corpus, reveals the unique aspect of pragmatic vagueness, which is not only helpful for people to understand the causes of pragmatic vagueness in Chinese context more comprehensively, but also more importantly, it can effectively guide actual communicators to use pragmatic vagueness effectively and achieve their communicative goals through this communicative strategy.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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