双语者有不同于单语者的心理表征吗？一项通过实物分类方式探索藏汉双语者心理表征的实证研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 18:25

【摘要】：1940年，Whorf提出了沃尔夫假说，其核心思想为语言影响着人们对现实世界的心理概念表征。虽然该假说一经提出便引起了学术界不同领域的激烈辩论，甚至是批评，但是实验证据表明在某些领域里，说不同话的人确实有着不同的心理概念表征。比如在Imai和Gentner（1997）的实验中，他们就发现不同语言的单语者对同一实物有着不同的分类：成年日语单语者倾向于把实物按材料属性分类，而成年英语单语者倾向于按形状分类。如果说不同话的人对现实世界有着不同的认知，那么双语者对现实世界的概念表征又是怎样的呢？通过采用非语言类的研究手段如相似性判断任务等，许多近期研究(Pavlenko et al,2005,2008; Cook et al,2006)发现双语者在实验中有着认知上不固定的表现倾向，有时他们表现得很像一语单语者，有时又表现得很像二语单语者，但更多时候他们居于两者之间，这些发现使我们在探索双语者心理概念表征问题的坎坷征途上又迈进了一步。这篇文章中所涉及的实验沿用了Imai和Gentner的实验设计思路，并在Cook所作实验的基础上进行了拓展，主要探索了藏语汉语双语者的心理概念表征等问题。该实验的研究目的旨在研究藏语汉语双语者对实物的分类方式是否受到了习得汉语所带来的的影响，，以及哪一种关于双语者心理概念表征的猜测最有可能是正确的解释，更重要的是该实验旨在探寻哪些因素影响着双语者的分类方式。实验结果显示藏汉双语者对简单物体的分类方式不同于任何一种语言的单语者，而是居于两者之间，这一结果表明双语者的心理表征受到了二语习得的影响，并且在双语者头脑中，由一语和二语各自形成的表征在一定程度上达到了重叠。研究还发现，在日常生活中使用汉语频率高的双语者比使用汉语频率低的双语者更倾向于像汉语单语者一样，将简单物体按形状分类。这一发现表明双语者的心理表征是变动着的，至于在什么程度上与其中任何一种语言的单语者相似，取决于他们使用该种语言的频率高低。
[Abstract]:In 1940, Whorf put forward the Wolff hypothesis, whose core idea is that language influences the representation of people's psychological concept of the real world. Although this hypothesis has aroused heated debate or even criticism in different fields of academia, the experimental evidence shows that in some fields, different speakers do have different mental concepts. In Imai's and Gentner's (1997) experiments, for example, they found that monolinguals in different languages have different classifications of the same object: adult Japanese monolinguals tend to classify objects by material attributes, while adult English monolinguals tend to classify objects by shape. If people who speak differently have different perceptions of the real world, what is the conceptual representation of the real world by bilinguals? By using nonverbal research methods such as similarity judgment tasks, many recent studies of (Pavlenko et al,2005,2008; Cook et al,2006) have found that bilinguals tend to be cognitively unstable in experiments, and sometimes they behave much like monolinguals. Sometimes they behave much like monolinguals, but more often they live in between. These findings make us take another step forward in exploring the bumpy journey of bilinguals' mental conceptual representation. The experiments involved in this paper follow the experimental design ideas of Imai and Gentner and expand on the basis of the experiments made by Cook. It mainly explores the psychological conceptual representation of Tibetan and Chinese bilinguals and so on. The purpose of this study was to study whether the classification of objects by Tibetan-Chinese bilinguals is influenced by the acquisition of Chinese, and which guesses about the psychological representation of bilingual people are most likely to be correct explanations. More importantly, the experiment aims to find out which factors affect the classification of bilingual people. The experimental results show that Tibetan and Chinese bilinguals classify simple objects differently from monolinguals in any language, but in between. This result shows that the psychological representation of bilinguals is influenced by second language acquisition. And in bilingual minds, the representations formed by one language and two languages overlap to a certain extent. It is also found that bilingual people who use Chinese frequently in daily life are more likely to classify simple objects according to shape than those who use Chinese less frequently than those who use Chinese monolingual. The findings suggest that the psychological representation of bilinguals is variable and the extent to which they are similar to monolinguals in either language depends on the frequency at which they use that language.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H0-05

【相似文献】