汉英并列结构成语对比探析

发布时间：2018-10-10 10:35

【摘要】：汉英并列结构成语是各民族生产经验和生活准则的高度概括，是各民族文化的结晶，对它们进行对比研究，不仅可以加深对语言的理解，增强对不同文化民族的认识，同时有利于我们的对外汉语教学。本文针对国内关于汉英成语研究的不足，如大都重在对汉英成语的结构做出详尽性的描写，但针对某一特定结构成语的对比很少，汉英语中并列结构的成语对比是很少有人涉及的课题。本研究在仔细阅读前人研究成果的基础上，以汉英两本成语词典《新华成语词典》和《英语成语双解词典》为语料库，从中找出并列结构的成语并从对称象似性、思维的整体性和分析性、形合和意合、字本位和词本位角度探讨汉英并列结构成语的异同及其所占各自成语比例相差悬殊的成因，因此本研究是有一定开拓性的。本文主要做以下几方面的工作：（1）通过查阅相关的文献资料，考察汉英并列结构成语的定义，为汉英并列结构成语做一下界定，，力图于纷繁复杂的关系和观点中挖掘汉、英并列结构成语的本质及其相关问题。（2）通过对《新华成语词典》和《英语成语双解词典》两本成语词典的查阅找出其中的汉英并列结构成语对它们进行对比，并计算出各自所占的比例。（3）从思维的整体性和分析性角度、形合和意合角度、字本位和词本位角度对汉英并列结构成语进行系统分析，对比其异同。本论文通过对汉英两本词典进行穷尽性的查找，找出其中的并列结构成语进行统计分析，通过对找到的语料进行详细的对比，总结出汉英并列结构成语的异同点。相同点是语义的整体性；并列各项词性相同；结构的凝固性；有些成语具有词汇重叠现象。不同点是：所占各自成语比例悬殊；汉语并列结构成语没有明显的区分标记，而英语并列结构成语有明显的标记；构成方式不同(汉语并列结构成语大部分是四字格,而英语并列结构成语结构比较松散，一般没有字数限制，字数长短不一)。在总结出汉英并列结构成语异同点的基础上从思维方式的整体性和分析性、形合和意合、字本位和词本位等角度分析汉英并列结构成语的异同点成因。本文在理论和实践上都具有一定的意义。理论上，通过对汉英并列结构成语的细致对比，可以深化关于汉英成语结构的对比，为汉英成语对比研究指明一个新的思路和方法，促进理论的创新。实际应用中，可以加深语言学习者对成语结构性质的认识，有助于学习者对成语结构、以及整个成语的掌握。因此本研究成果可应用到汉英语互译、汉英对比研究、语文教学、对外汉语教学、汉语信息处理等领域，在学习和实际生活中发挥积极作用。
[Abstract]:The idiom of juxtaposition between Chinese and English is a highly summary of the production experience and the standard of life of various nationalities, and the crystallization of each nationality's culture. A comparative study of them can not only deepen the understanding of the language, but also enhance the understanding of the different cultures. At the same time is conducive to our teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. This paper aims at the deficiency of Chinese and English idioms research, such as the detailed description of the structure of Chinese and English idioms, but the contrast of some specific structural idioms is rare. The comparison of idioms of juxtaposition in Chinese and English is a topic seldom discussed. On the basis of a careful reading of the previous studies, the present study uses two Chinese-English idiom dictionaries, Xinhua idiom Dictionary and English idiom double interpretation Dictionary, as the corpus to find out the idioms with parallel structures and to find out the symmetry iconicity. From the perspective of integrality and analysis of thinking, hypotaxis and parataxis, word-based and word-based idioms, this paper explores the similarities and differences between Chinese and English parallel structural idioms and the causes of the differences in the proportion of their idioms. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) by referring to the relevant literature, this paper examines the definition of Chinese and English parallel structural idioms, and defines them for Chinese and English parallel structural idioms. This paper tries to excavate the essence and related problems of Chinese and English paratactic idioms in the complicated relations and viewpoints. (2) two idiom dictionaries, Xinhua idiom Dictionary and English idiom double interpretation Dictionary, are used to find out the Chinese and English parallel structure idioms, and to calculate their respective proportions. (3) A systematic analysis of Chinese and English paratactic idioms from the perspectives of wholeness and analysis of thinking, hypotaxis and parataxis, word-based and word-based idioms, and a comparison of their similarities and differences. Through the exhaustive search of the two dictionaries, this paper finds out the paratactic structure idioms in the dictionaries for statistical analysis, and sums up the similarities and differences between Chinese and English parallel structural idioms through the detailed comparison of the found data. Similarities are semantic integrity; paratactic parts of speech are the same; structural solidification; some idioms have lexical overlap. The differences are as follows: the proportion of their idioms is very different; the Chinese idioms have no obvious distinguishing marks, while the English idioms have obvious markers; the forms of the idioms are different (most of the Chinese idioms are four-character cases). However, the English idioms with parallel structures are looser in structure and generally have no word limit, so the number of words is different. On the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and English parallel structural idioms, this paper analyzes the causes of similarities and differences between Chinese and English parallel structural idioms from the perspectives of the wholeness and analysis of the mode of thinking, hypotaxis and parataxis, word-based and word-based. This paper has certain significance in theory and practice. Theoretically, through the careful comparison of Chinese and English parallel structure idioms, we can deepen the comparison of Chinese and English idioms, point out a new idea and method for the comparative study of Chinese and English idioms, and promote the innovation of theory. In practical application, it can deepen language learners' understanding of the nature of idiom structure and help learners master idiom structure as well as the whole idiom. Therefore, the research results can be applied to the fields of Chinese-English translation, Chinese-English contrastive study, Chinese teaching, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, Chinese information processing and so on, which play an active role in learning and practical life.
【学位授予单位】：湖北师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H313

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