汉语学习型成语词典中的传统文化信息研究

发布时间：2018-10-10 10:58

【摘要】：语言和文化有着非常密切的关系，两者相互影响，相互促进，这已经成为公认的观点。目前中国已经出现了专门的文化语言学学科，，还有多种专著出版。而语言中最能体现文化的则是词汇，特别是相沿习用的成语。汉语的成语因其具有短小精悍，内涵丰富，表达生动的特点，是汉族人们喜闻乐见也喜欢使用的词汇。而成语的来源和使用发展决定了它具有历史习用性、结构定型性、内涵丰富性的特点，也使得成语和汉族文化具有不可分割的联系。而以成语为对象的成语词典也就不可避免要介绍成语中所涉及到的汉族文化信息，特别是学习型的成语词典。目前已经有相关的文章论述词典和文化的关系，但并不多见。文章就以汉语学习型成语词典为研究对象，选择商务馆出版社出版的《中学生成语词典》和《商务馆学成语词典》为主要代表，从宏观结构和微观结构两个方面进行观察分析，探讨了学习型成语词典中的传统文化信息的处理情况，从而发现这类成语词典对成语中的文化信息的展现方式，找到其合理和不足之处，并提出参考意见，以期对成语词典的编著者和使用者提供一定的帮助和借鉴。论文第一章的导论部分介绍了课题研究的目的和意义，研究范围和方法以及理论基础和成语、文化、成语词典之间的关系。第二章以两本学习型成语词典为例对词典的宏观结构的文化信息进行了观察、分析和比较，介绍了宏观结构中包含的文化内容，包括收词立目、前言和附录几方面的内容，特别是收词立目中对具有文化特色的成语词目的收录。第三章对两本词典的微观结构的文化信息进行了观察、分析和比较，介绍了微观结构中所包含的文化内容，主要分析了注音、释义、例证、词源、近义反义和感情色彩等方面，特别是对具有文化内涵的成语语素和具有故事来源的成语的释义以及成语词源信息。第四章则根据前两章对于宏观结构和微观结构文化信息的分析，提出了学习型成语词典提供文化信息的合适途径，包括宏观结构方面的收词立目、前言、附录和微观结构方面的释义、例证、词源、文化注释、提示、插图等。最后一章对整篇论文进行了分析总结，得出成语词典提供相关文化信息的重要性及合理途径，同时也指出文章存在的缺陷，为以后的进一步研究提出了方向和期望。总之，成语、文化和成语词典之间有着不可忽视的关系，要编写好的成语词典就必须了解成语中的文化信息，特别是影响人们理解和交流的文化信息。而成语词典中体现文化信息的方式有很多，词典编纂者要根据实际需要进行选择。
[Abstract]:Language and culture have a very close relationship, they interact and promote each other, this has become a recognized view. At present, China has emerged a special subject of cultural linguistics, there are a variety of monographs published. Words, especially idioms, are the most cultural ones in language. Because of its short, rich connotation and vivid expression, Chinese idioms are popular words used by Han people. The origin and development of idioms determine that idioms have the characteristics of historical usage, structural stereotyping and richness of connotation, which also make idioms and Han culture inextricably linked. The idiom dictionary which takes the idiom as the object will inevitably introduce the cultural information of the Han nationality involved in the idiom, especially the learning idiom dictionary. There have been related articles on the relationship between dictionaries and culture, but they are rare. This paper takes the Chinese learning idiom dictionary as the research object, chooses the middle school students idiom dictionary and the business library idiom dictionary published by the Business Library Press as the main representatives, and makes an observation and analysis from the macroscopic structure and the microscopic structure. This paper probes into the treatment of traditional cultural information in learning idiom dictionaries, and finds out how this kind of idiom dictionaries present cultural information in idioms, finds out its reasonableness and deficiency, and puts forward some suggestions for reference. In order to provide some help and reference to the compilers and users of idiom dictionaries. The first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of the research, the scope and methods of the research, the theoretical basis and the relationship between idioms, culture and idiom dictionaries. The second chapter takes two dictionaries of learning idioms as an example to observe, analyze and compare the cultural information of the macro structure of the dictionary, and introduces the cultural contents contained in the macro structure, including the contents of the construction of words, the preface and the appendix. Especially the collection of idioms with cultural characteristics. In the third chapter, we observe, analyze and compare the cultural information of the microstructures of the two dictionaries, and introduce the cultural contents contained in the microstructures, mainly in the aspects of phonetic pronunciation, interpretation, illustration, etymology, synonyms, antonyms and emotional colors. In particular, the interpretation and etymological information of idioms with cultural connotations and idioms with story sources. In the fourth chapter, according to the analysis of the macro-structure and microstructural cultural information in the first two chapters, the author puts forward the appropriate ways for the learning idiom dictionary to provide the cultural information, including the construction of words in the macro structure, the preface, and so on. Appendices and microstructural interpretations, illustrations, etymology, cultural notes, hints, illustrations, etc. In the last chapter, the author analyzes and summarizes the whole thesis, and draws the conclusion that the idiom dictionary is important and reasonable way to provide relevant cultural information. At the same time, it also points out the defects of the article, and puts forward the direction and expectation for further research. In a word, the relationship between idiom, culture and idiom dictionary can not be ignored. In order to compile a good idiom dictionary, we must understand the cultural information in idioms, especially the cultural information that affects people's understanding and communication. There are many ways to embody cultural information in idiom dictionaries, and lexicographers have to choose according to their actual needs.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H164;H136.3

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