《红楼梦》中“死亡”委婉语的认知研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 08:40

【摘要】：死亡是常见的生理现象,无人可以避免。因此,人们往往对死亡现象产生恐惧与排斥心理,尽可能避免在言语中提及“死亡”这个字眼。然而,死亡是人类的必然归宿,在生活中不得不经常被提及。为此,死亡委婉语受到了人们的青睐。《红楼梦》是一部伟大的悲剧作品,文中提及死亡之处比比皆是。据笔者统计,书中死亡“委婉语”有104个,占所有委婉语的百分之四十二。然而,目前学者对《红楼梦》委婉语的研究大多集中在委婉语的翻译与英汉对比两个方面,鲜有从认知视角对《红楼梦》委婉语的深入探讨。因此,本文从认知的视角,运用概念隐喻理论与概念转喻理论,采用定性分析法,对《红楼梦》中“死亡”委婉语进行认知阐释。本文试图回答以下三个问题：(1)《红楼梦》中“死亡”委婉语有多少?它们有什么特征?(2)《红楼梦》中“死亡”委婉语意义建构的认知机制是什么?(3)《红楼梦》中“死亡”委婉语的认知基础是什么?通过分析研究,本文有以下发现：(1)《红楼梦》中“死亡”委婉语多达104个,包括15个单音节“死亡”委婉语以及26个以此为基础的双音节“死亡”委婉语。在社会文化方面,“死亡”委婉语的使用与死者身份、年龄、性别、宗教信仰以及死亡方式息息相关。另外,《红楼梦》中还有部分临时委婉语,它们只有在一定语境中才能达到其委婉效果。(2)《红楼梦》中“死亡”委婉语的认知机制主要有概念隐喻与概念转喻。其中隐喻表达有“死亡是旅行终点”、“死亡是植物的凋零”、“死亡是与神灵同在”、“死亡是离开”、“死亡是重物的坍塌”与“死亡是艰巨任务的完成”。转喻表达主要有“死亡结果指代死亡”、“死亡状态指代死亡”、“埋葬地点指代死亡”以及“死亡方式指代死亡”。(3)《红楼梦》中“死亡”委婉语的认知基础主要是社会文化与大众心理。社会文化包括当时的社会等级、宗教信仰以及当地风俗,大众心理包括人们害怕提及死亡、自我保护以及珍爱生命等。该研究具有理论价值与实践意义：(1)该研究通过运用概念隐喻理论与概念转喻理论对中国古代经典作品进行分析,进一步证明了该理论的普遍性与强大的说服力。(2)该研究不仅有助于读者更好地理解与欣赏该作品,还可以丰富现代汉语中委婉语的表达。(3)该研究丰富了“红学”研究,可以促进学者对《红楼梦》语言现象的进一步关注。(4)众所周知,委婉语是一种常见的修辞手法。对其认知机制进行深入探讨可以为修辞教学提供新的视角。(5)该研究的认知基础主要是社会文化与大众心理,因此它还可以加深读者对中国封建时代文化背景与社会风俗的认识,了解当时人们的思维方式。
[Abstract]:Death is a common physiological phenomenon that no one can avoid. Therefore, people tend to fear and reject death and avoid mentioning the word "death" in words as far as possible. However, death is the inevitable destination of human beings and has to be often mentioned in life. For this reason, death euphemism is popular. A Dream of Red Mansions is a great tragic work, in which there are many references to death. According to the author's statistics, there are 104 "euphemisms" in the book, accounting for 42% of all euphemisms. However, most of the researches on euphemism in A Dream of Red Mansions have focused on the translation of euphemism and the contrast between English and Chinese. However, few researches have been made on euphemism from a cognitive perspective. Therefore, from the perspective of cognition, using the theory of conceptual metaphor and the theory of conceptual metonymy, this paper uses qualitative analysis to explain the euphemism of "death" in A Dream of Red Mansions. This paper attempts to answer the following three questions: (1) how many euphemisms are there for "death" in A Dream of Red Mansions? What are their characteristics? (2) what is the cognitive mechanism of "death" euphemism in "A Dream of Red Mansions"? (3) what is the cognitive basis of "death" euphemism in A Dream of Red Mansions? The main findings of this paper are as follows: (1) there are 104 euphemisms for "death" in A Dream of Red Mansions, including 15 monosyllabic "death" euphemisms and 26 dicyllabic "death" euphemisms based on them. In the aspect of social culture, the use of the euphemism of "death" is closely related to the identity, age, sex, religious belief and the way of death of the deceased. In addition, there are some temporary euphemisms in A Dream of Red Mansions, which can only achieve their euphemism effects in a certain context. (2) the cognitive mechanism of "death" euphemisms in A Dream of Red Mansions is mainly conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. The metaphorical expressions include "death is the end of the journey", "death is the decay of plants", "death is with the gods", "death is the departure", "death is the collapse of heavy objects" and "death is the completion of the arduous task". Metonymy expressions include "death result refers to death" and "death state refers to death". "burial place refers to death" and "death means to death". (3) the cognitive basis of euphemism for "death" in A Dream of Red Mansions is mainly social culture and mass psychology. Social culture includes social hierarchy, religious beliefs and local customs, and popular psychology includes people's fear of mentioning death, self-protection, and cherishing life. The research has theoretical value and practical significance: (1) the study analyzes the classical works of ancient China through the use of conceptual metaphor theory and conceptual metonymy theory. It further proves the universality and strong persuasiveness of the theory. (2) this study not only helps readers understand and appreciate the work better, but also enriches the expression of euphemism in modern Chinese. (3) the study enriches the study of "red school". It can promote scholars to pay more attention to the phenomenon of "Dream of Red Mansions". (4) as we all know, euphemism is a common rhetorical device. Further discussion of its cognitive mechanism can provide a new perspective for rhetoric teaching. (5) the cognitive basis of this study is mainly social culture and popular psychology, so it can also deepen readers' understanding of the cultural background and social customs of the feudal era in China. Understand the way people thought at that time.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H134

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