中国医患交际中回声问的语用研究
发布时间:2017-10-09 03:18
本文关键词:中国医患交际中回声问的语用研究
【摘要】:回声问广泛存在于言语交际中。研究者日益意识到回声问在日常交际和机构会话交际中的重要性。但是,以往对回声问的研究不够充分、系统,主要关注自省语料或文学作品对白中回声问的语言特征和功能,并以关联理论为框架加以阐释。然而,对自然会话(如日常对话和机构会话)中回声问的研究比较少,更鲜有人注意到日常对话或机构会话中回声问的动态特征。鉴于此,本文旨在研究中国门诊会话中回声问的语言特征、会话特征和功能,探索回声问及其回应的动态性,并在顺应论的基础上阐释医患会话中回声问的产生和理解过程。研究发现,在医患互动中,回声问具有以下五个方面的特征。第一,回声问兼有问话和重复话语的双重特征,以平升调或高升调标示疑问。第二,回声问在形式上全部或部分重复对方的前一话语,而且,这一话语可以是陈述句、疑问句和祈使句。第三,在序列结构上,回声问大多居于第一位置,少量居于第二或第三位置。第四,回声问及其回应模式主要有以下四种模式:问-答、问-答+评价、问+评价和问+自我评价。第五,回声问的语用功能主要包括:要求证实、要求解释、准备下一话轮、表示接受和反馈以及表达情感和态度。本文以顺应论为理论依据,对回声问使用的语用理据进行阐释。本文发现回声问及其回应是顺应交际语境的结果,并对顺应社会世界和顺应心理世界做了探索。社会因素,如机构权利和社会地位,贯穿于交际过程的始终,一直发挥着作用。在医疗机构会话中,医生比患者拥有更多的机构权利,而且患者位于较低的机构地位。心理世界因素,如动机,影响着医生和患者的语言选择。在医患交际中,医生的动机主要有服务倾向性动机和任务倾向性动机。然而,患者的动机更为复杂,患者不仅要考虑自身的需求,还要顺从于医生的权利和自己对医生心理世界的评估。此外,本文参照顺应论阐释了医患交际中回声问的产生和理解过程,旨在更加全面地理解和诠释回声问。本文在一定程度上丰富了对回声问和医患交际的研究,并为建立健康、和谐的医患关系提出了一些可行性建议。
【关键词】:回声问 医患会话 语用学 顺应论
【学位授予单位】:山东大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:H136
【目录】:
- Abstract9-11
- 摘要11-13
- Chapter One Introduction13-21
- 1.1 Background of the Study13-14
- 1.2 Rationale of the Study14-15
- 1.3 Objectives and Research Questions15
- 1.4 Methodology and Data Collection15-19
- 1.5 Significance of the Study19-20
- 1.6 Layout of the Thesis20-21
- Chapter Two Literature Review21-34
- 2.1 Review of Studies of Echo Questions21-26
- 2.1.1 Definition of Echo Questions21-22
- 2.1.2 Studies of Echo Questions Abroad22-25
- 2.1.2.1 The Pragmatic Approach to Echo Questions23
- 2.1.2.2 The Semantic Approach to Echo Questions23-24
- 2.1.2.3 The Syntactic Approach to Echo Questions24-25
- 2.1.3 Studies of Echo Questions at Home25-26
- 2.2 Previous Studies of Doctor-Patient Interaction26-33
- 2.2.1 Studies of Elements of Doctor-Patient Interaction27-32
- 2.2.1.1 Studies of Structures of Doctor-Patient Interaction27-29
- 2.2.1.2 Studies of Contents of Doctor-Patient Interaction29-32
- 2.2.2 Studies of Relations between Doctor-Patient Interaction and Social and Cultural Factors32-33
- 2.3 Summary33-34
- Chapter Three Theoretical Framework34-45
- 3.1 Adaptation Theory34-39
- 3.1.1 Making Choices34-35
- 3.1.2 Variability,Negotiabiliy and Adaptability35-36
- 3.1.3 Four Angles of Investigation36-39
- 3.2 Conversation Analysis39-44
- 3.2.1 Brief Introduction to Conversation Analysis39-40
- 3.2.2 Application of Conversation Analysis to Studying Medical Communication40-44
- 3.3 Summary44-45
- Chapter Four Analysis of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation45-82
- 4.1 Classification of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation45-46
- 4.2 Linguistic Characteristics of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation46-66
- 4.2.1 General Characteristics47-48
- 4.2.2 Phonetic Characteristics48-51
- 4.2.3 Formal Characteristics51-66
- 4.2.3.1 Degree of Repetition51-59
- 4.2.3.2 Syntactic Relationship59-66
- 4.3 Conversational Characteristics of Echo Questions66-80
- 4.3.1 Sequential Positions of Echo Questions67-72
- 4.3.1.1 The First Position68-69
- 4.3.1.2 The Second Position69-70
- 4.3.1.3 The Third Position70-72
- 4.3.2 Patterns of Echo Questions and Responses72-80
- 4.3.2.1 EQ-R75-76
- 4.3.2.2 EQ-R+A76-78
- 4.3.2.3 EQ-A78-79
- 4.3.2.4 EQ-Rself79-80
- 4.4 Summary80-82
- Chapter Five Functions of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation82-100
- 5.1 Classification of Functions of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation82-85
- 5.2 Analysis of Functions of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation85-99
- 5.2.1 Requesting Confirmation85-88
- 5.2.2 Requesting Clarification88-89
- 5.2.3 Preparing the Next Turn89-91
- 5.2.4 Expressing Reception and Feedback91-92
- 5.2.5 Expressing Emotions and Attitudes92-99
- 5.2.5.1 Uncertainty92-93
- 5.2.5.2 Incredulity93-95
- 5.2.5.3 Fear95-96
- 5.2.5.4 Surprise96-97
- 5.2.5.5 Emphasis97-99
- 5.3 Summary99-100
- Chapter Six Interpretation of Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation fromthe Perspective of Adaptation Theory100-110
- 6.1 Echo Questions as an Adaptation to Contextual Correlates101-105
- 6.1.1 Adaptation to Social World101-102
- 6.1.2 Adaptation to Mental World102-105
- 6.1.3 Adaptation to Physical World105
- 6.2 Responses to Echo Questions as an Adaptation to Dynamic Context105-106
- 6.3 Model of Interpreting Echo Questions in Doctor-Patient Conversation106-108
- 6.4 Summary108-110
- Chapter Seven Conclusion110-114
- 7.1 Major Findings110-112
- 7.2 Limitations of the Study112-113
- 7.3 Suggestions for Future Research113-114
- References114-125
- Appendix125-126
- Ackowledgements126-127
- 攻读硕士期间发表论文情况127-128
- 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表128
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