汉语新词语类词缀研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 21:40

本文关键词：汉语新词语类词缀研究　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“类词缀”是词根与词缀的中间状态,它既不属于词根也不属于词缀。其自身保留了词根的一些特征,同时又具备词缀的一些功能。作为现代汉语的一种特殊成分,其在现代汉语中的地位归属、功能性质等问题亟待解决。我们用定性和定量相结合的研究方法,对什么是类词缀和类词缀的判定条件进行讨论,在此基础上对汉语新词语类词缀的类别、搭配成分、语法功能及其语义演变与类推潜能四大方面进行了研究分析。就形式而言,汉语新词语类词缀有来源多样、位置固定、意义类型丰富的特点;其搭配成分在材料类型、音节长度、语言单位层级等方面也表现出了自身特征,具体来说有:搭配成分的材料多样,有汉字、字母、数字及混合形式;音节长度方面打破了汉语双音节词汇的优势地位,以三音节词为主;类词缀在词语中的位置固定,或位于词首位置,或位于词尾位置。对类词缀的语法功能观察发现,类词缀的类化功能强弱不一,其中名词性类词缀类化程度高,动词性类词缀类化程度中等,而形容词性类词缀类化程度较低;通过分析可将类词缀的词标功能分为名词性、动词性、兼类词性三种类型,而在标示词汇色彩上,除了小部分类词缀能够固定标示成词色彩外,大部分类词缀标示词汇色彩的功能具有即兴性,这与类词缀的来源及语义虚化程度不一有关。就语义演变机制而言,隐喻、转喻在类词缀语义虚化过程中起到了很大的作用,为类词缀由实到虚的语义发展提供了可能;我们将当下类词缀的语义与《现代汉语词典》(第6版)中的相应词条释义进行了对比分析,发现类词缀语义与对应语素的词典义存在三种关系:类词缀义即是词典义项、类词缀义是词典义项的进一步虚化、类词缀义与词典义项无关联;同时,我们就《现代汉语词典》的收录原则和惯例简单预测了本研究中三种类词缀的未来发展去向。另外,研究发现类词缀在构词时可以形成词语模,从人类认知规律出发,可以形成词语模的类词缀存在无限类推潜能。
[Abstract]:"like affix" is the intermediate state of the root and affix, which neither belongs to the root nor to the affix. At the same time, it has some functions. As a special component of modern Chinese, its status in modern Chinese, functional properties and other problems need to be solved. We use qualitative and quantitative research methods. On the basis of the discussion of what is the category affix and the judgment condition of the similar affix, the category and collocation of the Chinese neologism affixes are discussed. The grammatical function, semantic evolution and analogy potential are studied and analyzed. In terms of form, Chinese neologism affixes have the characteristics of diverse sources, fixed position and rich meaning types. The collocation components also show their own characteristics in the material type, syllable length, language unit level and so on. Specifically, the collocation components have a variety of materials, including Chinese characters, letters, numbers and mixed forms; In terms of the length of syllables, the dominant position of Chinese dicyllabic vocabulary is broken, and three syllable words are dominant. The position of affixes is fixed in words, or at the beginning of words, or at the end of words. The grammatical functions of affixes are observed and it is found that the functions of categorization of affixes are different, and the degree of categorization of nominal affixes is high. The degree of categorization of verb affixes is moderate, while that of adjective affixes is low. Through the analysis, the functions of lexical markers of affixes can be divided into three types: nominality, verb, and part-of-speech, and in the color of tagging vocabulary, except a small number of affixes can be fixed and marked as word colors. Most affixes indicate that the function of lexical color is impromptu, which is related to the origin of affixes and the degree of semantic vacuity. In terms of semantic evolution mechanism, metaphor. Metonymy plays a very important role in the process of semantic vacuity of affixes, which provides the possibility for the semantic development of affixes from real to virtual. We compare the semantics of the present affixes with the corresponding terms in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th Edition). It is found that there are three relationships between affix semantics and lexical meanings of corresponding morphemes: category affixes are lexical meanings, affixes are further empty of lexical meanings, and there is no correlation between affix and lexical meanings; At the same time, we briefly predict the future development of the three kinds of affixes in this study. In addition, we find that affixes can form lexical patterns in word-formation. On the basis of human cognition, the affixes which can form lexical modules have infinite analogies.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146.2

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