现代汉语负极性语气副词研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 18:49

本文选题：负极性语气副词　切入点：句法　出处：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文在对现代汉语负极性语气副词进行界定后,基于使用频率、研究现状及词汇语义,选取其中的“绝”“死活”“千万”“万万”为研究对象,从句法、语义、语用三个平面对其进行研究。在句法层面,着眼于负极性语气副词的极性特征,主要分析其与否定词的共现情况。研究发现,“绝”能与“不”类、“没(有)”类否定词共现,一般不能与“别”类否定词共现;“死活”能与“不”类否定词中的“不”及“没(有)”类否定词中的“没(有)”共现,一般不能与“别”类否定词共现;“千万”能与“不”类否定词中的“不”及“别”类否定词共现,一般不能与“没(有)”类否定词共现;“万万”能与“不”类否定词中的“不”,“没(有)”类否定词中的“没(有)”“未”共现,一般不能与“别”类否定词共现。在语义层面,分析词典释义,发现负极性语气副词典型的语义特征——极性语义。负极性语气副词内部亦存在语义差异。“绝”侧重于表达“绝对”“完全”之义,排除任何可能性;“死活”侧重于表达主体“无论如何”“不管怎样”的强烈主观意愿;“千万”表示委婉地劝诫、忠告,语义程度较轻;“万万”既可表示劝诫、忠告,亦可表达对已发生情况的出乎意料,语气较强烈。“绝”“死活”“万万”的主语多为第三人称,“千万”的主语多为第二人称,究其原因在于,“绝”“死活”“万万”在语义上多表示对第三者行为、思想、状态的判断,“千万”在语义上多表示对听话人的告诫、劝阻。在语用层面,负极性语气副词具有断言、表达焦点、表达情态这三个主要功能。通过分析说话人的认识、说话人的视角、说话人的情感,发现负极性语气副词能突显说话人的主观性;负极性语气副词的使用也关注到了听话人的需求与态度,体现了语言的交互主观性。负极性语气副词“绝”不但可用于书面语体,而且可用于口语语体;“死活”一般只用于口语语体,“千万”“万万”均多用于口语语体。
[Abstract]:After defining the negative mood adverbs in modern Chinese, based on the usage frequency, the present situation and the lexical semantics, this paper selects "absolute", "dead", "thousands" and "ten thousand" as the research object, from syntax and semantics. At the syntactic level, we focus on the polarity characteristics of negative mood adverbs, and analyze their co-occurrence with negative words. The study finds that "absolute" can co-occur with "no" and "no (have)" negative words. Generally speaking, it cannot be coexisting with "other" negative words; "death and life" can co-occur with "no" and "no (have)" in negative words of "no". Generally speaking, it can not be coexisting with negative words such as "don't"; "millions" can co-occur with "no" and "no" in negative words of "no". Generally speaking, it can not be coexisting with negative words such as "no" (have); "Wan Wan" can share "no" with "no" in negative words, "no (have)" type negative words, "not" in general, and "no" negative words can not be co-existing with "different" negative words at the semantic level. By analyzing the definition of the dictionary, we find that the typical semantic feature of the negative mood adverbs is polarity semantics. There are also semantic differences within the negative mood adverbs. "absolute" focuses on expressing the meaning of "absolute" and "complete". Excluding any possibility; "alive and alive" focuses on the strong subjective will of the subject to express "whatever"; "ten thousand" means euphemism, advice, with a lesser semantic level; "ten thousand" can mean exhortation, advice, It also expresses the unexpected and stronger tone of what has happened. The subjects of "absolute", "dead", "ten thousand" are mostly the third person, and the "ten thousand" subjects are mostly claimed by the second person. The reason lies in the fact that "absolute", "dead and alive", "ten thousand" in semantic meaning means judging the behavior, thought and state of a third party, and "ten thousand" semantically means admonishing and dissuading the hearer. At the pragmatic level, the adverb of negative polar mood has an assertion. By analyzing the understanding of the speaker, the perspective of the speaker and the emotion of the speaker, it is found that the negative mood adverb can highlight the subjectivity of the speaker. The use of negative mood adverbs also pays close attention to the needs and attitudes of the hearers and reflects the interactive subjectivity of language. Moreover, it can be used in spoken style; "death and life" is generally used only in spoken style, and "ten thousand" and "ten thousand" are mostly used in spoken style.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3;H136

【参考文献】