《海上花列传》动态助词研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 04:13

本文选题：《海上花列传》 + 吴方言　；参考：《江西师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：《海上花列传》是清末一部以妓院为主要描写对象的吴语“苏白”小说,全书正文叙述用通语,人物对白用吴语,全面反映了当时的语言状况,从而极具语料价值。《海上花列传》动态助词的分析研究,对汉语助词系统,对汉语语法史,都具有重要的理论意义和参考价值。关于《海上花列传》的研究,目前已有一些成果,但多数为不成系统的研究,且主要集中在文学方面。目前,尚未有从语言学角度对《海上花列传》进行一个全面的考察。本文旨在对《海上花列传》中的动态助词系统进行一个较为全面的考察,具体以“仔”、“来”字结构等为分析重点,通过对这些动态助词在《海上花列传》所出现的语法格式进行分析,考察它们在不同语法环境下所表达的不同语法意义,并采用统计的方法,在数量上给出确切的论证,对《海上花列传》中动态助词的用法作一个较为详尽的考察。同时,运用方言地理学理论、语言接触理论等,对文中的动态助词在吴语区的共时分布进行分析。正文共分七个部分:第一部分,完成体动态助词。包括“仔1”、“了”、“将”、“个”4种。分析这4种动态助词出现的语法格式,及它们在不同的语法格式中的语法功能,并进行数量统计。第二部分,持续体动态助词。包括“仔2”、“着(著)”、“来浪/来哚/来里”3种。从语法分布上看,表持续体的“来”字结构主要跟在动词后,主要的语法格式是“‘来’字结构+动词”、“‘来’字结构+动词+宾语”两种。第三部分,进行体动态助词。包括“着”、“来浪”、“来哚”、“来里”4种。表进行体的“着”只出现在正文叙述中,有“动词+着”、“动词+着+宾语”、“动词+着+动词”三种格式。从语法分布上看,表进行体的“来”字结构主要跟在动词前,主要的语法格式是“‘来’字结构+动词”、“‘来’字结构+动词+宾语”两种。第四部分,经历体动态助词。包括“歇”、“过”、“过歇”3种。分析这3种动态助词出现的语法格式,及它们在不同的语法格式中的语法功能,并进行数量统计。第五部分,继续体动态助词。包括“起”、“起来”、“下去”3种。“起”的语法格式主要有“动词+起”、“动词+起+宾语”、“动词+起+动词”,“起来”的语法格式主要有“动词+起来”、“动词+起来+动词”、“形容词+起来”,“下去”的语法格式较为单一只有“动词+下去”一种。第六部分,尝试体动态助词。包括“看”1种。主要的语法格式是“动词+看”、“动词+宾语+看”。“动词+看”格式正文叙述和人物对白中都出现,该格式下动作的主体是听话人,“动词+宾语+看”只出现在人物对白中,该格式下动作的主体是说话人。第七部分,在当代吴语中的共时分布。通过比较梳理出在当代吴语中的分布特点。
[Abstract]:The Story of Flower on the Sea is a novel of Wu dialect Su Bai in which brothels were the main object of description in the late Qing Dynasty. The whole text of the book is written in Tongyu and the characters in Wu dialect, which fully reflects the language situation at that time. The analysis and study of dynamic auxiliary words have important theoretical significance and reference value to the system of Chinese auxiliary words and to the history of Chinese grammar. There have been some achievements in the study of "Biography of Flowers at Sea", but most of them are not systematic studies, and they mainly focus on literature. At present, there has not been a comprehensive study of the Biography of Flowers at Sea from a linguistic point of view. The purpose of this paper is to make a more comprehensive investigation on the dynamic auxiliary word system in the Biography of Flower at Sea, with the emphasis on the structure of the word "Zi" and "Lai". Based on the analysis of the grammatical forms of these dynamic auxiliary words in the Biography of Flower at Sea, the different grammatical meanings expressed by them in different grammatical environments are investigated, and the statistical method is used to give the exact demonstration in quantity. This paper makes a detailed investigation on the use of dynamic auxiliary words in Biography of Flowers at Sea. At the same time, using dialectal geography theory and language contact theory, this paper analyzes the synchronic distribution of dynamic auxiliary words in Wu dialect area. The text is divided into seven parts: the first part, the complete aspect dynamic auxiliary word. There are 4 kinds of "Zai 1", "I", "will" and "A". This paper analyzes the grammatical formats of the four dynamic auxiliary words and their grammatical functions in different grammatical formats, and carries out quantitative statistics. The second part, continuous dynamic auxiliary. There are 3 kinds of "Zai 2", "Zai (Zai)" and "Lai Lang / Lai Dao / Lai Li". From the perspective of grammatical distribution, the word structure of "Lai" is mainly followed by the verb, and the main grammatical forms are "come" and "come" verb object. The third part, the dynamic auxiliary of progressive aspect. Including "Zai", "come wave", "Laido", "Lai Li" 4 kinds. There are only three forms of "verb Zhe", "verb to object" and "verb to verb". In terms of grammatical distribution, the "Lai" word structure of the progressive aspect of the table is mainly followed by the verb. The main grammatical forms are the "Lai" word structure verb and the "Lai" word structure verb object. The fourth part, the experience dynamic auxiliary. There are three kinds of "rest", "pass" and "overrest". This paper analyzes the grammatical forms of these three dynamic auxiliary words and their grammatical functions in different grammatical formats, and carries out quantitative statistics. The fifth part, continuation dynamic auxiliary. Including "rise", "rise", "go down" 3 kinds. The grammatical forms of "start" mainly include "verb starting", "verb starting object", "verb starting verb", "getting up" mainly includes "verb rise", "verb rise verb", The grammatical form of "adjective rise" and "go down" is single and only the verb goes down. The sixth part, try the aspect dynamic auxiliary word. Including "see" 1. The main grammatical forms are "verb see" and "verb object see". The main body of the action is the hearer, the verb object only appears in the character dialogue, and the subject of the action in this format is the speaker. The seventh part, the synchronic distribution in the contemporary Wu language. By comparing and combing out the distribution characteristics in the contemporary Wu dialect.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H173

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