汉语英源外来词借用过程与机制

发布时间：2018-04-20 05:17

  本文选题：外来词 + 借用过程　； 参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：词语借用是一个过程,是词汇项目从源语转移到受语,并经过竞争与选择而最终融入受语词汇系统的动态过程。本文以大规模语料库和称名问卷为研究工具,采取定性与定量相结合的研究方法,对汉语英源外来词的借用过程进行考察,并揭示借用过程背后的机制。本文采用创新与创新的传播这一有关语言演变的理论模型,将外来词借用过程阐述为两个过程:跨语际的词汇创新与词汇创新在受语言语社区的传播。外来词是一种跨语际的词汇创新,借用者将英语中的词汇成分译借至汉语,在汉语中再创造为一个新的词语,由于这种词汇创新发生于两种语言之间,因此是一种跨语际的词汇创新,这一创新过程的机制是借用者的语际识别。语言的创新是功能性的,作为跨语际的词汇创新,外来词因汉语表达空缺或语用等动因的促动而借入汉语。创新的传播是社会性的,外来词借入汉语后在汉语言语社区内的传播实质上就是汉语说话人选择的过程,选择发生在语言系统和言语社区两个层面。语言系统层面,汉语说话人在表达同一概念的多种词形中进行选择,被选择的词形将规约化为汉语词汇系统的稳定成员,未被选择的将被淘汰,逐渐隐退。本文在语料库的基础上重点考察了表达同一概念的音译词和意译词或固有词之间的竞争与选择,音译词词位变体之间的竞争与选择,同义音译词之间的竞争与选择,以及字母词与对应汉字表达形式之间的竞争与选择。在此基础上,本文进一步从语言特征和词语使用两方面讨论了影响汉语说话人外来词选择倾向性的因素。语言特征方面,将影响音译词选择倾向性的因素概括为四个原则:填空优先原则、表义清晰性原则、语言经济性原则和受语模式匹配原则;字母词选择倾向性主要受表义清晰性原则和语言经济性原则制约。词语使用方面,外来词的借用时间、持续使用时间、使用频次和使用范围等因素都会对汉语说话人外来词选择倾向性产生影响。言语社区层面,在称名问卷调查的基础上发现,不同年龄、英语水平、受教育程度和居住地的汉语说话人在外来词选择上存在显著差异,这种差异尤其突出地表现在新外来词上,新外来词在不同社会特征人群中选择的差异一定程度上可以看出外来词在借用过程中在言语社区内的传播方向。外来词借用过程与机制研究是汉语外来词研究领域的薄弱环节,本文对这一问题进行了探索性研究,研究结论有助于深化对词语借用现象的理解与认识。外来词的借用过程是一个复杂现象,还有很多值得探讨的问题,在未来的研究中仍需不断完善与深化。
[Abstract]:Word borrowing is a dynamic process in which lexical items are transferred from the source language to the recipient and are finally integrated into the recipient lexical system through competition and selection. Based on the large-scale corpus and the name questionnaire, this paper uses the qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the borrowing process of Chinese English loanwords, and reveals the mechanism behind the borrowing process. Based on the theoretical model of innovation and innovation communication, this paper describes the loanword borrowing process as two processes: interlingual lexical innovation and lexical innovation in the language community. Loanwords are a kind of interlingual lexical innovation. The loanwords are translated into Chinese by the loanwords, which are created as a new word in Chinese, because this kind of lexical innovation takes place between two languages. Therefore, it is a cross-lingual lexical innovation, and the mechanism of this innovation process is the interlingual recognition of the borrower. The innovation of language is functional. As an interlingual lexical innovation, loanwords borrow Chinese because of the motivation of Chinese expression vacancy or pragmatics. The communication of innovation is social, and the communication of loanwords in the Chinese language community is essentially the process of Chinese speakers' choice, which occurs at the two levels of language system and speech community. At the level of language system, Chinese speakers choose the same concept in a variety of morphologies, the selected form will be reduced to a stable member of the Chinese lexical system, and those that are not selected will be eliminated and gradually retired. On the basis of corpus, this paper focuses on the competition and choice between transliteration words and free translation words or inherent words, the competition and choice among transliteration words, and the competition and choice among synonymous transliteration words. And the competition and choice between alphabetic words and corresponding Chinese characters. On this basis, this paper further discusses the factors that affect the preference of Chinese speakers' loanwords from two aspects: linguistic characteristics and lexical usage. In terms of linguistic features, the factors affecting the preference of transliterated words are summed up as four principles: the principle of filling in the blanks, the principle of clarity of meaning, the principle of language economy and the principle of matching the receiving patterns; The preference of alphabetic words is mainly restricted by the principle of clear meaning and the principle of language economy. In terms of word use, the borrowing time, duration, frequency and scope of use of loanwords all have an impact on the preference of loanwords in Chinese speakers. At the level of speech community, on the basis of Nomenclature questionnaire, it is found that there are significant differences in loanwords selection among Chinese speakers of different ages, English proficiency, education level and place of residence. This difference is especially evident in the new loanwords. To a certain extent, the differences in the choice of new loanwords in different social groups can see the direction of loanwords spread in the speech community in the process of borrowing. The research on the process and mechanism of loanword borrowing is a weak link in the field of Chinese loanword research. This paper makes an exploratory study on this issue, and the conclusion is helpful to deepen the understanding and understanding of the phenomenon of loanwords borrowing. The borrowing process of loanwords is a complex phenomenon, and there are still many problems to be discussed, which still need to be perfected and deepened in the future research.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136.5
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本文编号：1776401