博山方言声调实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 02:11

本文选题：博山方言 + 声调　；参考：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：博山位于山东省淄博市中南部,属北方官话区。本文采用实验语音学的方法分男声女声对博山方言的单字调、两字组连读变调和三字组连读变调进行了详细的研究。本文主要采用Praat语音分析软件进行声学分析,用Praat脚本和Excel软件提取和处理数据,运用T值法归一数据,得到博山方言的五度值。首先,关于博山方言中的单字调,我们得出的实验结论主要有:(1)博山方言单字调格局与传统研究略有出入,上声由原来的高平调55变为略升的45或者保持原来的调值;去声由原来的31变为高降调51,覆盖整个调域;阴平调基本没有变化,仍保持曲折的调型,调值变为412或者323。(2)男女声在调域上存在明显差异,女声的调域比男声高且宽。(3)单字调的时长模式为:阴平上声去声。其次,通过对博山方言两字组连读变调的实验分析,我们发现:(1)博山方言的两字组有两种变调情况,分别是阴平在另一阴平和去声前变为上声,上声在另一上声前变为一个新的降调,调值为53。(2)就时长而言,高降调和曲折调组合时长最长,即"去声+阴平"时长最长;两个降调连读时,时长最短,即"去声+去声"时长最短。(3)在两字组中,博山方言的最右调不变,且变调结果与语法、形态无关。(4)男女声的调域要比单字组时的调域宽,跨度大。最后,博山方言三字组连读变调的实验结果表明:(1)在27种三音词的组合中,变调情况可以归纳为23种,7种基本不变,因此,总共有16种变调情况;变调后会产生新的调值53,31。(2)一些新的变调现象产生。在另一阴平或者去声前的阴平会变为降调,调值为53或31;两个上声相连时,前一个上声可能会出现31降调或变为阴平的一种形式,调值为414;在"上声+去声+任意声调"的组合中,在阴平或去声前面的去声会变为上声,调值为44或55。(3)"阴平+阴平+阴平"是唯一的一组表现出方向性变调的组合,变调方向为右向变调。(4)同两字组变调一样,在三音词组合中,博山方言的最右调不变,且变调结果与语法、形态无关。(5)男女声的调域要比单字组和两字组时的调域宽,跨度大。
[Abstract]:Boshan is located in the south-central Zibo City, Shandong Province, a northern Mandarin area. In this paper, the experimental phonetics is used to study in detail the single tone of Boshan dialect, the tone of two characters and the tone of three characters. This paper mainly uses Praat speech analysis software for acoustic analysis, using Praat script and Excel software to extract and process data, using T-value method to normalize the data, and get the fifth degree value of Boshan dialect. First of all, about the single word tone in Boshan dialect, the main experimental conclusions are: 1) the pattern of single character tone in Boshan dialect is slightly different from the traditional research, the tone of the top tone has changed from the original high level to the 45 or keep the original value; De-tone changed from 31 to 51, covering the whole tone domain, while the level of Yin remained basically unchanged, and the modulation value changed to 412 or 323.02) there was a significant difference between male and female in the modulation domain. The tone range of female voice is higher and wider than male voice. Secondly, through the experimental analysis of the successive tone changes in the two character groups of the Boshan dialect, we find that there are two variations in the two character groups of the Bushan dialect, one is that Yin Ping changes into the upper voice before the other Yin and the other goes off. In terms of length of time, the combination of high tone and zigzag tone is the longest, that is, the longest period of time, that is, "de-tone," and the shortest time is when two downtones are read together. That is to say, the shortest duration of "de-tone" is. 3) in the two-word group, the right-most tone of Boshan dialect is invariant, and the result of tone modification is not related to grammar, and the shape is independent. 4) the range of tone of male and female voice is wider and larger than that of single word group. Finally, the experimental results show that in the combination of 27 kinds of three syllable words, the change of tone can be summed up into 23 kinds and 7 kinds basically unchanged, therefore, there are 16 kinds of tone changes. After the change of tone, there will be a new modulation value of 53 / 31. 2) some new tone changes will occur. When the other shade is flat or before the sound is removed, the shade will become a downtone, with a modulation value of 53 or 31; when the two voices are connected, the former voice may appear a form of 31 tones or become flat. The tone value is 414; in the combination of "dissonant at any tone", the dissonant in front of the flat or dissonant will change to the upper voice, with a tuning value of 44 or 55.30.) "Yin, Ping, Yin, Ping" is the only group of combinations that show a directional change of tone, In the combination of three syllable words, the right-most tone of Boshan dialect is invariant, and the result of the change is not related to grammar, and the shape is not related to form.) the range of tone of male and female voice is wider than that of single character group and two-character group, and the span is larger than that of single character group and two-character group.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H172.1

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