从生成整体论的角度看语言结构的生成与分析——主要以汉语动宾结构为例

发布时间：2018-04-23 01:23

本文选题：句法结构的生成与分析 + 系统整体论　；参考：《当代语言学》2016年01期

【摘要】：汉语句法结构和语义结构的关系较为松散,同一类句法结构常可包容多种语义关系。动宾结构又是颇为能产并极具开放特征的句法结构,汉语句法结构有着较强的语义兼容能力的特点,在动宾结构中体现得尤为突出。动宾结构究竟能够包容多少种语义关系,乃至某些动宾结构的语义关系应当如何确认,一直被视为汉语语法研究中的难题。之所以会有这样的"难题"存在,就是因为语言研究中的结构分析同语言运用中的结构生成和理解,在理念与方法上均存有抵牾。简单地说,主要以"系统整体论"为哲学范式的语言结构分析是难以全面、准确地反映本质上与"生成整体论"思想相契合的汉语句法结构的内在机制的,因而其有效性会有一定的限度。句法结构的生成与其说是从部分到整体,不如说是从一个整体到另一个整体,部分在整体中的地位、部分对整体的表述价值,决定着部分——结构成分的提取方式。汉语句法结构的生成注重部分的突显度,注重部分同整体的关系,应是汉语句法结构语义包容能力极强的根本原因,"正反同义结构"中的否定式等语义关系难以解释的句法结构的存在,便是其中比较典型或者说比较极端的例证。
[Abstract]:The relationship between Chinese syntactic structure and semantic structure is looser. The syntactic structure of the same kind often contains multiple semantic relations. The verb object structure is quite productive and has a very open feature. The Chinese syntactic structure has the characteristics of strong semantic compatibility and is particularly prominent in the verb object structure. How many semantic relations, and how to confirm the semantic relationship of some of the verb and object structure, has always been regarded as a difficult problem in the study of Chinese grammar. The reason why there is such a "difficult problem" is that there is a contradiction between the idea and the method of the structure analysis and the understanding of the structure in the language study. On the other hand, the analysis of the language structure, which mainly takes "systemic holism" as the philosophical paradigm, is difficult to complete and accurately reflects the intrinsic mechanism of the Chinese syntactic structure which is essentially compatible with the "holistic theory" thought, and thus its effectiveness will have certain limits. The position of the whole to the whole, the part in the whole and the expression value of the part to the whole determines the way of the extraction of the structural components. The formation of the Chinese syntactic structure focuses on the part of the prominence and the relationship between the part and the whole. It should be the fundamental reason for the strong tolerance of the syntactic meaning of the Chinese syntactic structure, "positive and negative synonymous structure". The existence of syntactic structures, such as negation and semantic relations, is one of the more typical examples.

【作者单位】：日本神户市外国语大学;
【分类号】：H146.3

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