从供用句到功用句——“一锅饭吃十个人”的物性结构解读

发布时间：2018-05-17 05:04

本文选题：生成词库论 + 物性结构　；参考：《世界汉语教学》2017年02期

【摘要】：本文依据生成词库论中的物性结构理论,对汉语中“一锅饭吃十个人”句式做出新的解读。过去,无论是以动词中心为背景的论元结构分析,还是强调句子整体意义的构式分析,对这类句式的研究都存在一定局限。本文认为,从主语名词的物性结构看,“一锅饭吃十个人”更适合被看成是一种功用句,因为句子中的谓语动词充当了主语名词的功用角色。而为了更准确地抓住“一锅饭吃十个人”的句法语义特点,本文进一步尝试在“功用角色”中划分出“占用性功用角色”的小类。本文认为,如果摆脱施事和受事的观念,改用物性结构的眼光看问题,那么在汉语中,跟“一锅饭吃十个人”更为接近的句式不是“十个人吃一锅饭”,而是“一个老师教十个学生”和“一个厨师炒十盘菜”这样的句子。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of materiality structure in generative lexicon theory, this paper makes a new interpretation of the sentence pattern of "ten people eating a pot of rice" in Chinese. In the past, there were some limitations in the study of this kind of sentence structure, whether it was the analysis of argument structure with the background of verb center or the analysis of construction which emphasized the whole meaning of sentence. From the perspective of the material structure of the subject-noun, "ten people in a pot of rice" is more suitable to be regarded as a functional sentence, because the predicate verb in the sentence acts as the functional role of the subject-noun. In order to grasp more accurately the syntactic and semantic features of "ten people in a pot of rice", this paper further attempts to divide the subcategories of "occupying functional roles" in the "functional roles". This paper holds that if we get rid of the concept of missionary and transgression and look at problems from the perspective of physical structure, then in Chinese, the sentence more closely related to "ten people eating a pot of rice" is not "ten people eating a pot of rice". They are sentences like "one teacher teaches ten students" and "one cook stir-fry ten dishes."
【作者单位】：北京语言大学教务处;

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