从满汉文献对比看北京话前后中元音合并的年代

发布时间：2018-06-04 09:34

本文选题：北京话 + 中元音音位　；参考：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：以往学术界基本认为,北京话前后中元音音位/e/与/o/的合并是在19世纪末《官话萃珍》时代完成的,但清代的汉文文献与满文文献表现出不同的演变轨迹。清代的汉文文献一直显示中元音音位未合并,直到清末传教士富善《官话萃珍》才显示出合并的现象。早期的满汉对音文献显示,当时的中元音音位还未完全合并;中期的满文文献显示出两种不同的现象:没有对音的满文文献显示当时的中元音已经完全合并,有对音的满文文献显示还未完全合并;晚期的满文文献显示当时的中元音在撮口呼前还存在对立。之所以如此,是因为满文对音自康熙末年以来陈陈相因,不足以表现语音演变的实际。北京话前后中元音很可能首先在内城完成,然后扩散到外城。这是由内外城人口结构的差异造成的,内城居住的是满族人,外城居住的是汉族人。
[Abstract]:In the past academic circles basically believed that the combination of vowel / and / in the middle vowel before and after Beijing dialect was completed in the late 19th century, but the Chinese literature and Manchu literature in Qing Dynasty showed different evolution tracks. The Chinese literature of the Qing Dynasty showed that the middle vowel phonemes had not been merged until the late Qing Dynasty missionaries Fu-shan, Kuan Zi Zhen, did not show the phenomenon of amalgamation. The early Manchu and Han phonetic literature shows that the middle vowel phonemes were not fully merged at that time, while the middle Manchu literature showed two different phenomena: the Manchu literature without the phonetic pairs showed that the Chinese vowels of the time had been completely merged. The Manchu literature with opposite sounds has not been completely merged, while the late Manchu literature shows that the middle vowels of the time were still opposite before the puff. This is because the Manchu tone since the end of Kangxi Chen Xiangyin, not enough to represent the actual phonetic evolution. The vowels before and after the Beijing dialect are likely to be completed first in the inner city and then spread to the outer city. This is caused by the difference in the population structure of inner and outer cities, the inner city is inhabited by Manchu people, and the outer city is inhabited by Han nationality.
【作者单位】：山西大学文学院暨语言科学研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(10CYY038)
【分类号】：H172.1

【参考文献】