十九世纪影响汉语汉字观的三大西方理论探析

发布时间：2018-06-06 11:53

本文选题：汉语汉字观 + 十九世纪　；参考：《中国文学研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：从十九世纪后期开始,一种带着西方胎记的汉字汉语观被传入中国,这种观念的内容主要有:在拼音文字与象形文字的区分中,汉字属于象形文字,而象形文字处在文字发展的最初阶段,所以汉字处在文字发展的最初阶段;在语言类型的区分中,汉语属于孤立语,属于单音节的语言,因缺乏屈折形式,在表达人类情感与思想的方面,远远比不上屈折语。简言之,汉字汉语属于落后的、野蛮的文字语言。形成这种汉字汉语观的学术理论主要有:黑格尔提出的历史进步论,认为东方文明尤其是中国文明处在人类文明的幼年阶段;以洪堡特和马克斯·缪勒为代表的语言类型学,把汉语归入孤立语,而孤立语处在人类语言发展的最初阶段;以达尔文和施莱歇尔为代表的语言进化论,认为语言是一种有机体,适者生存。不过,到了20世纪,西方的著名学者如雅斯贝尔斯、萨丕尔、罗宾斯等对此进行了批判。
[Abstract]:Since the late 19th century, a concept of Chinese characters with birthmarks in the West has been introduced into China. The main contents of this concept are: in the distinction between phonetic characters and pictographs, Chinese characters belong to hieroglyphs. The hieroglyphics are in the initial stage of the development of characters, so the Chinese characters are in the initial stage of the development of the characters. In the differentiation of the language types, Chinese belongs to the isolated language, which belongs to the monosyllabic language, because of the lack of the inflection form. In the expression of human feelings and ideas, far less than flexion. In short, Chinese characters belong to backward, barbaric written language. The academic theories to form this view of Chinese characters include: Hegel's theory of historical progress, which holds that the oriental civilization, especially the Chinese civilization, is in the infancy of human civilization, and the linguistic typology represented by Humboldt and Max Mueller. The theory of language evolution, represented by Darwin and Schleicher, holds that language is an organism and the fittest exist. However, by the 20 th century, famous Western scholars such as Jaspers, Sapir, Robbins, and so on to criticize this.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所;华东师范大学中文系;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“文学视野中中国近现代时期汉语发展的资料整理与研究”(16ZDA185)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：H1

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