汉语高功能自闭症儿童代词加工能力研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 18:30

【摘要】：代词的理解与产出是儿童语言习得过程中需要掌握的重要语用技能。自闭症个体存在明显的语用障碍,在该人群代词能力的研究上,前人主要考察了对话和叙述中的代词产出,第三人称代词的理解与加工研究较少。代词没有固定的指称对象,理解代词需要依赖具体的语境。听者利用语篇信息,从多个潜在的指称对象中确定代词所指的过程称为代词加工。本研究主要考察汉语高功能自闭症儿童利用口语语篇中的提及顺序线索、重音线索和动词隐含因果语义线索加工代词的能力。此外,前人研究提出心理理论这一认知能力缺陷可能是造成自闭症个体代词方面障碍的原因,本研究将对这一观点进行验证。本研究以生理年龄、总智商、操作智商、言语智商和言语工作记忆广度五项作为匹配标准,选取了 18名汉语高功能自闭症儿童和18名典型发展儿童。被试年龄跨度为5-7岁。本研究包含四项实验。实验一至实验三为代词加工任务:实验一考察指称对象的提及顺序对被试选择代词所指的影响;实验二考察重读指称对象对被试选择代词所指的影响;实验三考察语篇中动词隐含因果语义信息对被试选择代词所指的影响,包括有语境支持和无语境支持两种实验条件。实验四为错误信念任务,衡量被试的心理理论水平。代词加工任务的组间比较结果显示,汉语高功能自闭症儿童组在三项实验中的正确率都显著低于典型发展儿童组,存在明显的代词加工缺陷。这一缺陷与自闭症个体的语用障碍密切相关。他们可能不理解语篇表征中突显性更高的实体倾向于成为代词的所指。代词加工任务的实验间比较结果显示,汉语高功能自闭症儿童在有语境支持条件下的动词隐含因果语义线索上表现得最好。他们能够利用从句的语境,建立句子间的连贯关系,从而推理出代词的合适所指。但在正确率上,高功能自闭症儿童仍然未达到典型发展儿童的水平。此外,汉语高功能自闭症儿童组被试在其它类型线索上均表现较差,倾向于随机选择两个实体作为代词所指。他们只习得线索序列中可靠性最高的语义线索。三项代词加工任务正确率与心理理论水平的相关分析结果显示,汉语高功能自闭症儿童的代词加工能力与心理理论能力无直接关联。心理理论这一认知能力缺陷可能不是造成该人群在代词加工上困难的主要原因。
[Abstract]:The comprehension and output of pronouns are important pragmatic skills to be mastered in children's language acquisition. There are obvious pragmatic barriers in autistic individuals. In the study of the pronoun ability of this group, the former mainly investigated the pronoun output in dialogue and narration, but the third person pronoun understanding and processing were less studied. Pronouns have no fixed object of reference, and the understanding of pronouns depends on specific context. The process of identifying pronouns from multiple potential objects is called pronoun processing using discourse information. The present study is to investigate the ability of Chinese children with high function autism to process pronouns by using reference sequence cues, stress cues and verb implicit causal semantic cues in spoken discourse. In addition, previous studies have suggested that the cognitive impairment of the theory of mind may be the cause of autism individual pronoun disorders, and this study will verify this view. In this study 18 Chinese children with high function autism and 18 children with typical development were selected according to five matching criteria: physical age total IQ operating IQ speech IQ and verbal working memory span. The age span of the subjects ranged from 5 to 7 years. This study consists of four experiments. Experiment 1 to experiment 3 are the tasks of pronoun processing: experiment 1 examines the effect of reference order on the pronouns selected by the subjects, and experiment 2 examines the effects of stressed referential objects on the pronouns selected by the subjects. In experiment three, we investigated the influence of verb implicit causal semantic information on the pronouns' reference, including contextual support and contextual support. Experiment 4 is a task of false belief, which measures the subjects' psychological level. The results showed that the correct rate of Chinese high-function autistic children in the three experiments was significantly lower than that in the typical developing children group, and there were obvious defects in pronoun processing. This defect is closely related to the pragmatic disorder of autistic individuals. They may not understand that the more salient entities in discourse representation tend to be referred to as pronouns. A comparative study of pronoun processing tasks shows that Chinese children with high function autism perform best in the semantic cues of implicit causality of verbs under context-supported conditions. They can use the context of clauses to establish a coherent relationship between sentences, so as to infer the appropriate reference of pronouns. However, the accuracy of high-function autistic children is still not up to the level of typical development children. In addition, the subjects of Chinese high function autistic children performed poorly on other cues, and tended to choose two entities randomly as pronouns. They only acquire the most reliable semantic cues in a sequence of cues. The analysis of the correlation between the correct rate of three pronoun processing tasks and the level of psychological theory shows that there is no direct correlation between the pronoun processing ability and the mental theoretical ability of Chinese children with high function autism. The cognitive deficiency of theory of mind may not be the main reason for the difficulty of pronoun processing.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H193.1

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