“引发”类动词的多角度研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 19:18

【摘要】：本文着眼于意义的聚类,以“引发”义作为切入点,重点考察“引起、引发、造成、产生、发生”五个双音动词在句法、语义和语用方面的特点。句法平面的考察主要包括类联接和高频搭配两大方面。从类联接的角度看,“引发”类动词的共性大于个性。“引发”类动词在句中主要充当谓语,都能带名词性宾语、动词性宾语和形容词性宾语。“引起”、“引发”、“造成”能带主谓结构。“引发”和“产生”能带趋向动词“出、出来”。从高频搭配的角度看,“引发”类动词的个性大于共性,特别是在介词和宾语的选择上呈现出倾向性差异。语义平面的考察,首先借助词典分析模式,根据“从无到有出现”的是什么,将“引发”类动词分为两组:“引起、引发、造成”和“产生、发生”。第一组表达“使……出现”,从无到有出现的是“致使义”;从语义特征看,内部成员的主要区别在于“因果关系的强弱”、“因果关系的侧重”以及“宾语的语义特点”。第二组表达的是抽象事物和关系的从无到有出现;其区别性语义特征在于“产生”具有[+凭借][+产物],而“发生”则没有这些条件。最后,从参构语素的角度,分析了各词的语素义以及构词方式对词义和搭配的影响。语用平面的考察主要借助BCC语料库以及自建小型语料库,重点考察了五个动词的频率差异以及在不同语体中的使用差异。通过分语体的考察,一方面验证了句法考察结论的可靠性,另一方面也细化、补充了五个动词在动态使用上的差异。
[Abstract]:Focusing on the clustering of meanings, this paper focuses on the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the five disyllabic verbs. The investigation of syntactic plane mainly includes two aspects: class join and high frequency collocation. From the point of view of class connection, the generality of "induced" verbs is greater than that of individuality. The "induced" verbs are mainly used as predicates in sentences, with nominal objects, verb objects and adjective objects. "cause", "cause" can take subject-predicate structure. "cause" and "produce" can lead to the verb "out, come out". From the perspective of high frequency collocation, the characteristics of "induced" verbs are greater than those of common ones, especially in the choice of prepositions and objects. In the semantic plane, first of all, with the help of the lexical analysis model, according to what "from scratch to exist", the verbs of "initiation" are divided into two groups: "cause, cause" and "produce, occur". The first group expresses "make." In terms of semantic features, the main differences of internal members are "the strength and weakness of causality", "emphasis on causality" and "semantic characteristics of object". The second group expresses the appearance of abstract things and relationships from scratch, and the distinguishing semantic feature is that "production" has [by virtue of] [product], but "occurrence" does not have these conditions. Finally, from the perspective of construction of morpheme, the influence of morpheme meaning and word formation on word meaning and collocation is analyzed. The study of pragmatic plane is mainly based on the BCC corpus and the self-built small corpus, focusing on the frequency differences of the five verbs and the differences in their use in different language styles. On the one hand, it verifies the reliability of the conclusion of syntactic investigation, on the other hand, it also refines, complements the differences in the dynamic use of the five verbs.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3;H136

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