负面评价表达的规约化

发布时间：2018-11-12 16:38

【摘要】：本文讨论的负面评价的规约化是指,负面评价解读难以从其构成成分的意义直接获得的现象。词汇性负面评价的规约化有两种手段:1)词序手段。通过句首分布成为饰句副词。2)复合构词。通过复合构词实现言者评价表达的规约化,如"X是"复合词。有些负面评价是通过特定构式表达的。从规约化程度来看,负面评价构式可以分为词汇构式和语法构式两类。词汇构式只具极有限的可替换性和极低的能产性,俗语化程度高;而语法构式具有一定的可替换性和能产性。负面评价表达的规约化程度与其句法分布和话语分布密切相关。评价解读对语境的依赖程度在一定程度上体现了其规约化程度差异。对会话序列依赖较强的构式规约化程度相对最低。构式意义的产生有特定句法环境中的语境吸收,也有对其会话环境的语用意义的吸收。因此,应将会话序列纳入构式化语境的考察视野,对于由语境诱发的重新解释现象的分析也应充分关照到会话序列这一语境因素。
[Abstract]:The conventionalization of negative evaluation discussed in this paper refers to the phenomenon that the interpretation of negative evaluation is difficult to obtain directly from the meaning of its components. There are two ways to normalize negative lexical evaluation: 1) word order. Through the distribution of the first sentence as a worded adverb. 2) compound word formation. Compound word formation is used to standardize the expression of speaker's evaluation, such as "X is" compound word. Some negative comments are expressed by specific constructions. Judging from the degree of regularization, negative evaluation constructions can be divided into lexical constructions and grammatical constructions. Lexical constructions have only very limited substitutability and very low productivity, while grammatical constructions have a certain degree of substitutability and productiveness. The degree of stereotyping of negative evaluation expression is closely related to its syntactic distribution and discourse distribution. The degree of dependence of evaluation and interpretation on context reflects to some extent the difference of its degree of regularization. The degree of construction with strong dependence on session sequence is the lowest. The generation of constructional meaning includes contextual absorption in specific syntactic context and pragmatic meaning in conversational context. Therefore, conversational sequence should be brought into the perspective of constructional context, and the analysis of context-induced reinterpretation should also take full account of the contextual factor of conversational sequence.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院语言研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点项目“汉语语用标记形成机制的多视角研究”(14AYY015)的部分成果
【分类号】：H146.3

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