被告法庭辩论词中模糊限制语的语用功能研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 18:09

【摘要】：作为模糊语言学中的一个重要成员,模糊限制语能改变被修饰语的模糊程度,使表达意义更加模糊或更趋于精确,或表达说话者的礼貌态度或意见。本研究以从中国法庭网转写的20场庭审案件(其中7场民事案件、8场刑事案件和5场行政案件)作为语料,基于Prince和何自然对模糊限制语的分类,采取定量和定性相结合的方法,对被告法庭辩论词中模糊限制语的类型,特点及其语用功能进行研究。数据统计结果表明,被告法庭辩论词中所使用的模糊限制语有变动型和缓和型两类,其中变动型模糊限制语占55.7%,缓和型模糊限制语只占44.3%。被告法庭辩论词中所使用的模糊限制语在意思表达上具有准确性和得体性、在语气上具有委婉性和缓和性的特点,这使得被告法庭辩论词中的模糊限制语具有其独有的语用功能。因此,被告往往偏向于选择模糊限制语作为主要的语言策略来实现其法庭辩论的说服目的。研究发现,被告法庭辩论词中所使用的模糊限制语的语用功能有二:自我保护功能和礼貌功能。自我保护功能主要通过以下三种途径实现:一是从程度上降低模糊度、提供前提条件和否定问话人意思,使话语意义更加准确,更趋向于事实,从而更好地实现其说服目的。二是从范围上使用概述词、限定话题和模糊化精确词语,使话语意义更为得体,从而避免因说话过于绝对而须承担责任。三是从时间上强调或概括动作发生的频率,使话语意义更为真实和可信,更好地传递有利于自己的信息。礼貌功能则主要通过以下两种途径实现:一是通过使用第一人称表达、情态动词和条件句式的模糊限制语直接传达被告委婉的意见。二是通过陈述客观事实、引用法律文件和使用表拖延词语的模糊限制语间接表明被告的态度,减轻强硬语气,使语气更加委婉或缓和,从而向法官表示礼貌,使其更易接受自己的观点。本研究拓展了模糊限制语的研究范围,具有一定的理论研究价值和实践意义,但所分析的样本不够多,且研究的广度和深度还远远不够,希望能抛砖引玉,对法庭辩论词的研究起到一定的促进作用。
[Abstract]:As an important member of fuzzy linguistics, hedges can change the degree of vagueness of modifiers, make the meaning more vague or more precise, or express the speaker's polite attitude or opinion. In this study, 20 court cases (7 civil cases, 8 criminal cases and 5 administrative cases) transferred from China Court Network were used as corpus, based on the classification of hedges by Prince and he Nature. This paper studies the types, characteristics and pragmatic functions of hedges in defendants' courtroom arguments by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical results show that there are two types of hedges: variable hedges and extenuating hedges, of which the variable hedges account for 55.7, and the moderated hedges only account for 44.3. The hedges used in the adversaries of the defendant court have the characteristics of accuracy and appropriateness in the expression of meaning and euphemism and mitigation in the mood. This makes the hedges in the adversaries have their unique pragmatic functions. Therefore, the defendant tends to choose hedges as the main language strategy to achieve the purpose of persuasion. It is found that the pragmatic functions of the hedges used in the adversaries are self-protection and politeness. The function of self-protection is mainly realized through the following three ways: first, to reduce the degree of ambiguity, to provide preconditions and to negate the meaning of interrogators, so that the meaning of discourse becomes more accurate and tends to the facts, so that the purpose of persuasion can be better achieved. The second is to use general words to limit the topic and obscure the exact words so as to make the meaning of the discourse more appropriate so as to avoid taking the responsibility because the speech is too absolute. The third is to emphasize or generalize the frequency of action from time to time, so that the meaning of discourse is more authentic and credible, and the information that is beneficial to oneself is better transmitted. The function of politeness is mainly realized by the following two ways: one is to convey the euphemism of the defendant directly through the use of first person expression, modal verbs and the hedges of conditional sentences. Second, by stating the objective facts, quoting legal documents and using vague restrictive words to express the attitude of the defendant indirectly, reducing the tough tone, making the tone more euphemistic or softened, thereby expressing politeness to the judge. Make it easier to accept your point of view. This study expands the scope of the study of hedges and has some theoretical and practical significance, but the samples analyzed are not enough, and the scope and depth of the research is far from enough. To a certain extent, the study of the words of court argument plays a role in promoting.
【学位授予单位】：湖南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136

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