汉英安慰言语行为对比及其对对外汉语教学的启示

发布时间：2018-11-25 15:41

【摘要】：安慰言语行为是日常交际活动中经常要运用的一种重要的言语行为。但是,目前虽然有很多学者详细地研究了许多言语行为,比如抱怨、讽刺、请求、致谢、拒绝、称赞、邀请、威胁、道歉……,却很少看到关于安慰言语行为的研究,而关于汉英安慰言语行为对比的研究则更少。随着中国与西方国家之间交流日益频繁,西方国家学习汉语的人越来越多,研究在日常交流中必不可少的安慰语言行为及其中西异同非常必要。因为中西方语言和文化都有差异,我们只有了解了中西方安慰语言行为的相似和差异之处,才能在跨文化交际中更好地进行交流,也才能帮助语言学习者更得体地运用安慰语,减少语用失误。本文一共分为五章。第一章是引言部分,简单阐述了提出这个研究课题的缘由,本文的研究对象、研究现状以及研究的方法。第二章对汉英安慰言语行为在语言风格方面的差异进行了对比分析,并尝试从文化、思维、观念等方面解释这些差异产生的原因。第三章对汉英安慰言语行为在修辞格使用方面的差异进行对比分析,并尝试从语言中的文化积淀和汉英语言的语篇结构形式这两个方面解释这些差异产生的原因。第四章根据研究的结果,提出对对外汉语教学教材编写和课堂教学的建议。第五章是结语部分,对本论文的研究成果进行了总结,并提出了本文研究的局限性和对未来研究的展望。本文根据会话完成式调查问卷所收集到的语料,对汉语母语者和英语母语者在实施安慰这一言语行为时的语言风格和使用修辞方式的差异进行对比,并尝试分析差异产生的原因。结果得出,由于语言文化背景、思维方式、传统观念等原因影响,汉语安慰语呈现含蓄、藻丽、繁丰的语言风格特点,并且在实施安慰这一言语行为的过程中会较为频繁地使用引用、比喻、夸张等修辞格。英语安慰语则呈现出直白、简洁、平实的风格特点,在实施安慰这一言语行为时会较少地使用引用、比喻、夸张等修辞格。而本人从整个研究过程以及研究结果中受到启发,对对外汉语教学的教材编写和课堂教学提出了一些建议,比如教材编写中要适当地体现安慰这一语言项目功能,还应当适当地体现安慰语中常用的修辞格。另外,在课堂上进行安慰语教学时要注重汉英语言风格的比较教学、以学生为中心以及注重文化教学等。本文的创新点在于提出了从语言风格和修辞格等语用角度来分析安慰言语行为这一项目功能,同时将汉英安慰言语行为从这两个方面进行比较分析,得出差异,最后把研究成果与对外汉语教学相联系,指导对外汉语教学。
[Abstract]:The speech act of comfort is an important speech act which is often used in daily communication activities. However, although many scholars have studied many speech acts in detail, such as complaint, satire, request, thanks, refusal, compliment, invitation, threat, apology. However, there are few researches on the contrast of Chinese and English consolation speech acts. With the increasing communication between China and western countries, there are more and more people learning Chinese in western countries. It is necessary to study the comforting language behavior and its similarities and differences between China and the West. Because there are differences between Chinese and western languages and cultures, only when we understand the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western comforting language behaviors, can we better communicate in cross-cultural communication and help language learners to use comfort language more appropriately. Reduce pragmatic failure. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction part, briefly describes the reason of this research topic, the research object, the research status and the research method. The second chapter makes a comparative analysis of the differences between Chinese and English comfort speech acts in terms of language style and tries to explain the causes of these differences from the aspects of culture, thinking and ideas. The third chapter makes a contrastive analysis of the differences in the use of rhetorical devices between Chinese and English comfort speech acts, and attempts to explain the causes of these differences in terms of cultural accumulation in language and discourse structure in both Chinese and English languages. According to the results of the research, the fourth chapter puts forward some suggestions on the compilation of teaching materials and classroom teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. The fifth chapter is the conclusion, summarizes the research results of this paper, and puts forward the limitations of this study and prospects for future research. Based on the data collected from the conversational perfect questionnaire, this paper compares the differences in language style and rhetorical use between native speakers of Chinese and native speakers of English in the implementation of the speech act of consolation. And try to analyze the cause of the difference. The results show that due to the influence of linguistic and cultural background, mode of thinking and traditional ideas, Chinese comfort language presents the characteristics of implicit, elegant and abundant language style. In the process of the speech act of consolation, the rhetorical devices such as citation, metaphor and exaggeration will be used frequently. On the other hand, English consolation has the characteristics of directness, conciseness and plain style, and the rhetorical devices such as citation, metaphor and exaggeration are seldom used in the implementation of the speech act of consolation. I am inspired by the whole research process and the results of the study, and put forward some suggestions for teaching Chinese as a foreign language teaching textbook compilation and classroom teaching, for example, the language project of comfort should be properly reflected in the compilation of teaching materials. The rhetorical devices commonly used in consolation should also be properly reflected. In addition, we should pay attention to the comparative teaching of Chinese and English language style, student-centered and cultural teaching. The innovation of this thesis lies in the analysis of the function of the speech act of comfort from the perspective of language style and rhetorical devices. At the same time, the author makes a comparative analysis of the speech act of comfort in Chinese and English from these two aspects, and draws the difference. Finally, the research results are related to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language to guide the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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