近三十年先秦汉语专书词类研究述评

发布时间：2018-11-27 18:38

【摘要】：由于专书语法研究在语法史研究中有着重要作用,长期以来,专书语法研究著述颇丰,产生了丰富的研究成果。本文选择先秦汉语专书词类研究成果为研究对象,对其进行梳理、综述,希望对先秦汉语专书词类研究的现状有一个清楚的了解,为以后的研究提供便利。本文分为三个部分,第一部分为前言,介绍了论文的研究背景,对先秦汉语专书词类研究的现状进行简要的介绍,说明本文的研究目的和研究方法。第二部分为论文的主体,分两章分别对先秦汉语专书实词、虚词的研究成果进行整理,第二章为实词研究述评,实词包括动词、名词、形容词、代词、数词等,但由于时间有限,仅选取实词中的三个小类——名词、动词、形容词,进行述评,对它们的的研究成果概述;第三章为虚词研究述评,分为四个部分:副词、介词、连词、语气词,梳理各部分的研究现状,并对每一部分进行了总结。第三部分为结语,对全文进行总结,得出如下结论:(1)从成果数量看,研究成果丰富,从研究内容上可分为整体研究、部分研究以及个体研究;虚词研究成果多于实词研究成果,实词中,动词的研究成果最多,名词、形容词成果较少;虚词中,副词研究成果最多,有近百篇,其次为介词、语气词,均为40多篇,连词最少,只有20篇。(2)每类词的研究成果呈显出不平衡的状态,比如语气词,主要集中在《论语》的研究,从上世纪80年代至今,一直有相关成果出现,涉及语气词的连用、复用,句法类型、功能等方面。介词研究虽然有四十多篇,但集中在“以”、“於”的研究上,除了少数单独以其他介词为研究对象的,均会对其进行论述。动词研究在实词中相对较多,但是针对专书全体动词的研究则比较少。针对动词的一个小类的研究较多,研究动词配价情况的成果较多。(3)从涉及的语料来看,《论语》《诗经》《左传》《孟子》《庄子》是研究的热点,研究成果较多,其他专书则成果相对少。(4)先秦汉语专书词类研究存在着不足,研究呈现不均衡的局面,虚词的成果数量多于实词,动词、副词研究较多,名词、形容词、连词较少;研究中描写较多,深入研究不多,因此,需要进一步的深入挖掘;研究方法上,现代语言学的理论和方法虽有运用,但是明显不足。因此,先秦汉语专书词类研究仍然存在进一步研究的价值。
[Abstract]:Due to the important role of the study of grammar in the history of grammar, the study of grammar in specialized books has produced a lot of research results for a long time. This paper chooses the research results of the pre-Qin Chinese special book as the research object, combs and summarizes it, hoping to have a clear understanding of the present situation of the pre-Qin Chinese special book research, and to provide convenience for the future research. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the preface. It introduces the research background of the thesis, briefly introduces the present situation of the research on the part of speech of the pre-Qin Chinese special book, and explains the purpose and research method of this paper. The second part is the main body of the thesis, which is divided into two chapters to sort out the research results of the special book notional words and function words in pre-Qin Chinese. The second chapter is a review of the research on notional words, which includes verbs, nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and so on. However, due to the limited time, only three subcategories of notional words, nouns, verbs, adjectives, are selected for review, and their research results are summarized. The third chapter is a review of the study of functional words, which is divided into four parts: adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, mood words, combing the research status of each part, and summarized each part. The third part is the conclusion. The conclusion is as follows: (1) in terms of the quantity of the results, the research results can be divided into the whole research, part of the research and individual research; The research results of function words are more than that of notional words. Among the notional words, verbs are the most, nouns and adjectives are less. Among the functional words, adverbs are the most widely studied, with nearly 100 articles, followed by prepositions, mood words, more than 40 articles, and the least conjunctions, only 20. (2) the research results of each kind of words show an unbalanced state, such as mood words. It mainly focuses on the study of Analects of Confucius. From the 1980s to now, there have been some related achievements, including the conjunction of modal words, reuse, syntactic types, functions and so on. Although there are more than 40 studies on prepositions, they focus on the study of "Yi" and "Yu", which are discussed only by a few other prepositions. The study of verbs is relatively more in notional words, but the study of all verbs in special books is less. There are more researches on a subcategory of verbs, and more results on the valency of verbs. (3) from the data involved, the Book of songs > < Zuo Zhuan > < Mencius > < Zhuang Zi > is a hot topic of study, and there are many research results. Other special books are relatively few achievements. (4) there are some deficiencies in the study of parts of speech in pre-Qin Chinese special books. The study presents an unbalanced situation. The number of functional words is more than that of notional words, the number of verbs and adverbs is more, nouns, adjectives and conjunctions are less; There are many descriptions in the research, but not many in-depth studies, so it is necessary to dig further. In the research methods, the theories and methods of modern linguistics have been applied, but they are obviously insufficient. Therefore, the pre-Qin Chinese special book study of parts of speech still has the value of further study.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H141

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