“并”在中古译经中的时间副词用法及其来源

发布时间：2018-11-29 10:02

【摘要】：中古汉译佛经中,"并"具有在未然语境中表示先发生的动作行为或事件时间的副词用法。"并"这种表先发时间的副词用法之产生,是由其所在的话语环境决定的。可概括为:1)一般只用于面对面的交谈语境中(或者是内心思维活动的语境),不用于一般的叙述语境。2)多用于未然语境,不用于已然语境,通常由说话人提出(或设定)行为动作或事件发生的先后顺序。从"并"常见的几种副词用法(总括、方式、协同)来看,都难以说明这些副词用法跟"并"的时间副词具有直接引申关系。本文通过考察,推测"并"的这种用法可能是受到另一时间副词"且"的影响而产生的。在相同的语境和句法位置上,"并"能够以连词义项(并列、递进)为基础发生类同引申,产生出与"且"表先发时间相同的新义项。"并"这种通过类同引申而产生的新用法不是其词义本身引申的结果,而是相同语境造成的。
[Abstract]:In the medieval Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures, "he" has the use of adverbs that indicate the action behavior or the time of the event in the preemptive context. The production of the adverb usage of the predated time is determined by the discourse environment in which the adverb is used. It can be summarized as follows: 1) it is generally used only in the context of face-to-face conversation (or in the context of inner thinking activity), not in the general context of narration. The sequence in which an action or event occurs, usually by the speaker. From the point of view of several common adverbs (omnibus, mode, synergy), it is difficult to explain that these adverbs are directly related to the time adverbs of "union". In this paper, we speculate that the use of "and" may be influenced by another time adverb "and". In the same context and syntactic position, "and" can be extended on the basis of conjunctions (juxtaposition, progression), resulting in a new meaning which is the same as "first sent in the table". And "this new usage by analogous extension is not the result of its meaning itself, but the result of the same context.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院语言研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“多卷本断代汉语语法史研究”(14ZDB092)支持
【分类号】：H146.2

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