加拿大魁北克法语母语者母语语调对汉语声调准确度的负迁移作用

发布时间：2018-12-08 10:55

【摘要】：随着国内外汉语学习人数的不断增加,针对外国学生的汉语教育研究方面的论文数量也大量增加,同时,对外汉语的教学方法越来越丰富,以满足不同国家、不同母语人士学习汉语的需求。声调教学是汉语教学中最重要的部分之一,同时也被许多汉语学习者视为汉语学习最大的难点。除了汉语声调学习,学习者也需要了解自身母语对外语的影响。本研究集中探讨加拿大魁北克法语母语者母语语调对汉语声调准确度的负迁移作用。由于法语语调和中文语调、声调有很大差异,法语母语人士学习汉语发音时,要避免使用自己习惯的母语语调,以免汉语声调出现偏误。本文的第一部分为绪论,介绍本文的研究背景、研究目的和研究意义。第二部分介绍了本文涉及的主要理论基础和研究综述。理论基础部分主要介绍了对比分析和语言迁移理论以及偏误分析理论,研究综述主要围绕汉语声调、汉语语调、外语语调对汉语声调的影响、法语语调以及声调教学的相关研究展开.第三部分阐述了研究方案设计、语音实验的相关数据采集方法、使用的软件以及研究对象分类原则。本文的研究对象为在华读研的四位中高级汉语水平魁北克留学生,通过录音获取语音数据,采用Pratt语音分析软件对他们的声调情况进行分析,再与四位汉语母语者的音频进行比较,最后进行数据分析,并将研究对象划分为中高级两个级别。通过这一部分的研究,我们发现,即使汉语水平已达到中高级水平,魁北克留学生对于汉语声调的基本知识仍有待提高,尤其是连调和变调。第四部分为本文的重点部分,四位留学生用法文和中文录了五个句子,每个句子分别属于不同的句型(陈述句、疑问句、反问句、祈使句和感叹句)。本研究采用Pratt语音分析软件对四位留学生所录的法语和中文句子进行声调和语调分析,并分析研究对象法语朗读语调与汉语声调偏误之间的关系。通过语音分析,本研究发现,法语语调的重音以及句调这两个因素都对法语母语者的汉语声调准确度造成了一定的影响。第五部分为本文的创新部分,通过对四位魁北克留学生的音频分析,考察了四位留学生母语语调对汉语声调准确度的具体负迁移作用。根据研究结果,本文从语调和声调之间的关系出发,提出了几点教学建议,建议主要涉及声调基础教学、汉语语调练习、模仿能力练习和语音分析软件的用法。最后对研究结论进行总结,并提出了研究存在的不足,以及后续研究的建议,如扩大研究对象数量、增加分析内容等,并试图提供相关教学建议。本研究发现,法语语调会对汉语声调准确度产生直接的负迁移作用,尤其是还未能准确区分法语语调(特别是重音和句调)与中文声调和语调的学习者。为了应对这一问题,本文提出了一系列教学建议和学习方法,希望有助于汉语学习者正确习得声调,并能够进行恰当的模仿练习。
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of Chinese learners at home and abroad, the number of papers on Chinese education and research for foreign students is also increasing. At the same time, the teaching methods of Chinese as a foreign language are becoming more and more abundant to meet the needs of different countries. The needs of different native speakers to learn Chinese. Tone teaching is one of the most important parts in Chinese teaching, and it is also considered by many Chinese learners as the biggest difficulty in learning Chinese. In addition to Chinese tone learning, learners also need to understand the influence of their mother tongue on a foreign language. The present study focuses on the negative transfer of tone intonation of French native speakers in Quebec, Canada. Because of the great difference in tone between French intonation and Chinese intonation, the native speakers of French should avoid using their native intonation in order to avoid the deviation of Chinese tone. The first part is introduction, which introduces the background, purpose and significance of this paper. The second part introduces the main theoretical basis and research review. The theoretical basis part mainly introduces the contrastive analysis, language transfer theory and error analysis theory. The research reviews mainly focus on the influence of Chinese tone, Chinese intonation and foreign language intonation on Chinese tone. The research on the teaching of French intonation and tone has been carried out. The third part describes the design of the research scheme, the relevant data acquisition methods of speech experiment, the software used and the principles of object classification. The research object of this paper is four middle and advanced Chinese level Quebec students who are studying in China. The voice data are obtained by sound recording, and their tone is analyzed by using Pratt phonetic analysis software. Then compared with the audio frequency of four Chinese native speakers, the data was analyzed and the research object was divided into middle and advanced two levels. Through this part of the study, we find that even though the level of Chinese has reached the middle and advanced level, the basic knowledge of the Chinese tone of Quebec students still needs to be improved, especially the tone of concordance. The fourth part is the key part of this paper. Four foreign students record five sentences in usages and Chinese, each of which belongs to different sentence patterns (declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, rhetorical sentence, imperative sentence and exclamation sentence). In this study, the tone and intonation of French and Chinese sentences recorded by four foreign students were analyzed with Pratt phonetic analysis software, and the relationship between French reading intonation and Chinese tone bias was analyzed. Through phonological analysis, it is found that the accent of French intonation and the tone of sentence have a certain influence on the accuracy of Chinese tone of French native speakers. The fifth part is the innovation part of this paper. By analyzing the audio frequency of the four Quebec students, the author investigates the negative transfer effect of the native intonation of the four students on the accuracy of Chinese tone. Based on the results of the study, this paper puts forward several teaching suggestions based on the relationship between intonation and tone, including basic tone teaching, Chinese intonation practice, imitation ability exercise and the use of phonetic analysis software. Finally, the conclusion of the study is summarized, and the shortcomings of the research are put forward, as well as the suggestions of the follow-up research, such as expanding the number of research objects, increasing the content of analysis, and trying to provide relevant teaching suggestions. The present study finds that French intonation has a direct negative transfer effect on Chinese tone accuracy, especially for learners who have not been able to accurately distinguish French intonation (especially stress and sentence tone) from Chinese tone and intonation. In order to deal with this problem, this paper puts forward a series of teaching suggestions and learning methods, hoping to help Chinese learners acquire tones correctly and carry out appropriate imitation exercises.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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