跨语言时-体-情态的范畴化、显赫性及扩张性——库藏类型学视角

发布时间：2019-02-12 20:40

【摘要】：本文汲取库藏类型学有关语言中功能范畴的显赫性与扩张性的理念,构建了跨语言时-体-情态的认知范畴化层级,以阐释跨语言时-体-情态的表达形式倾向无明显界限的缘由以及世界语言可划分为时空原型为有界/无界的语言和时空原型为现实/非现实的语言。在时空原型为有界/无界的语言中,体范畴倾向作为有界/无界的原型,体比时-情态更易成为显赫范畴;在时空原型为现实/非现实的语言中,存在现实/非现实不显赫和显赫两种类型,现实/非现实不显赫时,时-体-情态中的任何范畴在不同语言中都可能成为显赫范畴,现实/非现实显赫时,要么时-体-情态都不显赫,要么时-体-情态中也有范畴显赫。英语和汉语均是时空原型为现实/非现实的语言,但英语中现实/非现实不显赫而时范畴显赫,汉语中现实/非现实显赫而时-体-情态均不显赫,汉语显赫现实/非现实具有向量范畴和领属范畴扩张的倾向,汉语中语法化程度相对较高的时体助词、否定词、情态副词以及情态助动词这些形式手段在现实/非现实上的表达规律初步验证了我们的观点。本文的研究支持库藏类型学强调语言形式手段、注重形式和范畴间的双向视角的研究方案。
[Abstract]:This paper draws on the concepts of Kuzang typology about the salience and expansibility of functional categories in language, and constructs the cognitive categorization level of cross-linguistic time, aspect and modality. In order to explain the reason why the expression of translingual time-aspect modality tends to have no obvious boundary and the world language can be divided into space-time archetypes as bounded / unbounded languages and spatio-temporal prototypes as realistic / non-realistic languages. The aspect category tends to be a bounded / unbounded prototype in a language where the archetype of space-time is bounded / unbounded, and volume is easier to become a prominent category than time-modality. In a language in which the prototype of time and space is reality / non-reality, there are two types of reality / non-reality invisibility and prominence. When reality / non-reality is inconspicuous, any category in time-aspect modality may become a prominent category in different languages. When the reality / non-reality is prominent, either the time-body-modality is not prominent, or the category is prominent in the time-body-modality. English and Chinese are both space-time prototypes as realistic / unrealistic languages, but in English the real / non-reality is not prominent and the temporal category is prominent. In Chinese, the reality / non-reality is prominent and the time-aspect-modality is not prominent. In Chinese, there is a tendency to expand vector category and leading category, and the grammaticalization degree is relatively high in Chinese, such as tense and aspect auxiliary words, negative words, etc. The expressions of modal adverbs and modal auxiliary verbs in real / non-reality preliminarily verify our point of view. This paper supports the research scheme of Kuzang typology, which emphasizes the means of language form and the bidirectional perspective between form and category.
【作者单位】：曲阜师范大学外国语学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“平衡语种样本视阈下时-体范畴的类型与共性研究”(15BYY174)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：H0-05

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