基于语料库的量词“对、双、副”研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 17:54

【摘要】：量词是汉语体系中最具民族特色的词类,“对、双、副”是现代汉语常用字表中的常用字。本文以丰富的语料库资源为基础,运用语料库统计方法对其进行全方位的统计分析,分别从“对、双、副”的历时演变、左右搭配词词类、左右搭配词语义类别、语义韵倾向、在不同语域中的分布五个方面展开,从而进行共时应用上的异同辨析,以期对三者有更全面深刻的认识。本文分为绪论、主体及结语三部分,其中主体部分包括了第二至第七章的内容。绪论部分,阐明了选题依据与研究意义,简述了研究现状,分别从量词、“对、双、副”、基于语料库的词语三方面的相关研究展开,说明了语料来源。主体部分,第二章,梳理了“对、双、副”的历时演变轨迹。它们的量词用法分别始见于唐代、先秦、魏晋时期。“对”的量词义由常用义“对答”及其引申义“对手、配偶”发展而来;“双”的量词义由表数量的“两个,一对”引申而来;“副”的量词义由其本义“剖开”及其引申义“第二位的、符合、相配”发展而来。第三章,对“对、双、副”左右搭配词的词类进行分类。它们都可分为直接搭配和非直接搭配,后者还可分为间接搭配和相对无关搭配,各类搭配中的词类各有不同。第四章,对“对、双、副”的左右搭配词进行语义上的归类。三者的左搭配词语义类别可分为表数量多少的及表指示关系的两类,而三者的右搭配词在语义上可分别分为四、三、五类。第五章,考察了“对、双、副”的语义韵倾向。“对、双”的语义韵倾向都为中性语义韵,而“副”为消极语义韵。第六章,分析了“对、双、副”在不同语域中的分布。基于两个不同的语料库进行了书面语与口头语上的区分,前者再按主题、文类、媒体、文体四种方式进一步划分,后者再按形式和内容两种标准进一步划分。第七章,综合辨析了“对、双、副”在共时应用上的异同。以上述语料库统计分析结果为基础,得出“对”强调“相互配对”,“双”强调“天然成双”,“副”强调“成对成套”,并构建了“对、双、副”称量名词重合表。结语部分,对全文的研究结果作了简要总结,并指出了文章的不足之处。
[Abstract]:Quantifier is the most national characteristic part of speech in Chinese system. "right, double and accessory" is the most common word in the list of common words in modern Chinese. On the basis of abundant corpus resources, this paper uses the method of corpus statistics to carry on the omni-directional statistical analysis to it, from the diachronic evolution of "right, double, accessory", from the diachronic evolution of "right, double, and vice", to the left and right collocation word parts, the left and right collocation word meaning categories, the semantic rhyme tendency, respectively. It is carried out in five aspects of distribution in different registers, so as to distinguish the similarities and differences in synchronic application, in order to have a more comprehensive and profound understanding of the three. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, subject and conclusion, in which the main part includes the content of the second to seventh chapters. In the introduction part, the author clarifies the basis and significance of the selected topic, briefly describes the current research situation, respectively, from the quantifiers, "right, double, accessory", based on the corpus of the word three related research, explains the source of the corpus. The main part, the second chapter, combs the diachronic evolution of "right, double and secondary". Their quantifiers were first used in the Tang Dynasty, pre-Qin, Wei and Jin dynasties. The quantitative meaning of "right" is derived from the common meaning of "answer to the answer" and its adversaries and spouses, and the meaning of "double" is derived from the "two, one pair" of the number of tables. The quantitative meaning of "accessory" is developed from its original meaning "cut open" and its meaning "second place, accord with, match". The third chapter classifies the left and right collocations of "right, double and accessory". They can be divided into direct collocation and indirect collocation, the latter can be divided into indirect collocation and relative irrelevant collocation. Chapter four classifies the left and right collocations of "right, double, and accessory" semantically. The semantic categories of the left collocation words can be divided into two categories: the number of tables and the demonstrative relations, while the right collocation of the three words can be divided into four, three and five categories semantically. Chapter five examines the semantic prosody tendency of "right, double and accessory". The semantic prosody of "right, double" is neutral and vice is negative. Chapter six analyzes the distribution of "right, double, and accessory" in different registers. Based on two different corpora, the paper makes a distinction between written language and oral language. The former is further divided into four ways: theme, literature, media and style, while the latter is further divided according to the two standards of form and content. The seventh chapter synthetically analyzes the similarities and differences in synchronic application of "right, double and accessory". Based on the results of statistical analysis of the corpus mentioned above, it is concluded that "pair" emphasizes "mutual pairing", "double" emphasizes "natural double", "accessory" emphasizes "pair complete set", and constructs "pair, double, accessory" weighing and noun coincidence table. The conclusion part summarizes the research results and points out the shortcomings of the paper.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H14

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