二语习得年龄效应研究的共同记忆:内容、问题和启示

发布时间：2019-02-22 21:13

【摘要】：本文梳理了国内外二语习得年龄效应的研究历史,总结了年龄效应对二语语言结构包括二语语音、语法和词汇习得的影响,并探讨了它与语言学能和学习方法的关系。文献梳理发现:(1)年龄效应对二语语音的影响最为显著,语法次之,对词汇的影响甚小;(2)成人的学习过程和儿童不同,成人依赖显性的学习机制,用以弥补衰退的隐性学习机制。这些结果不足以证实二语习得关键期的存在,仍需更多的实证研究予以验证,尤其是神经生物学证据。文章还进一步梳理了年龄效应研究的常规实验方法,并分析总结了相关研究存在的一些关键问题。最后,文章分析了年龄效应研究对二语教学和学习的启示,指出在进行二语教学时,对于不同年龄的学习者和不同的语言特征,应该采用不同的教学方法。
[Abstract]:This paper reviews the research history of age effect in second language acquisition at home and abroad, summarizes the influence of age effect on the acquisition of second language structure, including phonetics, grammar and vocabulary, and probes into its relationship with linguistic competence and learning methods. It is found that: (1) Age effect has the most significant influence on second language pronunciation, followed by grammar, and has little effect on vocabulary; (2) the learning process of adults is different from that of children. Adults rely on explicit learning mechanism to compensate for recessive learning mechanism. These results are not sufficient to confirm the existence of critical period of second language acquisition and need more empirical research especially neurobiological evidence. Furthermore, the conventional experimental methods of age effect research are reviewed, and some key problems in related studies are analyzed and summarized. Finally, the paper analyzes the implications of the age effect study on second language teaching and learning, and points out that different teaching methods should be adopted for learners of different ages and different language characteristics.
【作者单位】：上海海事大学外国语学院;
【基金】：上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题“英汉语学习者动词习得中语义重构及其路径的跨语言研究”(编号:2015EYY002)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：H09

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