《傻瓜威尔逊》中的话语与权力

发布时间：2017-12-31 18:01

本文关键词：《傻瓜威尔逊》中的话语与权力　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：马克·吐温是美国十九世纪后期美国批判现实主义文学的卓越代表,著名的幽默讽刺小说作家。他是一位伟大的艺术天才,一生创作了诸多优秀的文学作品,给后世留下了宝贵的文学财产。马克·吐温创作风格独树一帜,其作品扎根于社会现实的方方面面,对十九世纪下半叶的美国现实进行了有力地批判。《傻瓜威尔逊》发表于1894年,是马克·吐温后期代表作之一。小说背景设置于1830年的密苏里州道生小镇,它讲述了被冠以傻瓜称号的威尔逊的故事和一个白人小孩与黑人小孩身份调换的故事,展示了话语与权力存在的普遍性与复杂性。本文尝试从米歇尔·福柯的话语与权力角度解读《傻瓜威尔逊》这部作品,通过分析从个人、群体以及作者的话语与权力,揭示了话语与权力对道生小镇人们生活和命运的影响。全文共分为五个部分:引言,三个章节和结论。引言首先综述了《傻瓜威尔逊》的国内外研究现状,介绍了福柯的权力与话语观,讲述了文本的研究意义和目的。第一章选取了威尔逊和小布为典型案例,论述了个人在道生小镇中是如何受到话语与权力的控制。威尔逊因其话语不符合小镇居民话语的共同准则,而被话语与权力构建出傻瓜身份。在小镇居民的监视与权力对他的不断审判之中,威尔逊逐渐顺应了权力与话语的要求,成为一个顺从的道生小镇居民。小布因其三十二分之一的黑人血统而被权力与话语构建出黑人奴隶的身份,他的主人对他进行的肉体规训以及精神规训,使得小布最终成为一个驯顺的奴隶。第二章阐释了群体话语与权力在黑人群体和白人群体中作用。对于黑人群体来说,道生小镇严格按照血统来划分人的族群的做法是一种群体性的疯癫。但是黑人群体的话语受到了权力的镇压。道生小镇白人群体的话语就像一个全景敞视监狱,处于其中的黑人受到了话语与权力的规训与控制。另外,白人话语与权力构建了白人群体中弗吉尼亚后代的贵族身份,白人群体在用话语与权力规训和控制其他种群的同时,也被其自身话语与权力规训着。第三章结合小说创作的时代背景,分析了马克·吐温的话语与权力。首先作为小说的作者,马克·吐温用自己作为作家的权力,借由其小说人物的话语表达自己的社会观和种族观。其次,为了避免与种族主义者的直接冲突,马克·吐温自身也受到了社会话语与权力的规训。结论部分指出,话语与话语普遍存在于道生小镇。各种话语与权力关系交织在一起,形成一个巨大且复杂的话语和权力之网。道生小镇的话语和权力之网将小镇上的个体、群体囊括其中,对他们的生活产生巨大影响。
[Abstract]:Mark Twin is the outstanding representative of the United States in the late nineteenth Century critical realism literature, famous satirical novel writer. He is a great artistic talent, has created many outstanding literary works, to leave future generations a valuable literary property. Mark Twain's writing style of his works is rooted in the society become an independent school, practical aspects on the surface, the second half of the nineteenth Century American reality had a strong criticism. Werwilson published in 1894 fool ", is one of Mark Twin's novels. The late representative set in 1830 Missouri Tao Town, it tells the story of the title of the Werwilson dubbed fool story and a white boy with a black child identity exchange stories. Show the universality and complexity of discourse and power. This article attempts from the perspective of Michel Volker's discourse and power". Melon Wilson > this work, based on the analysis of individuals, groups and the author's discourse and power, reveals the influence of discourse and power of Tao Sheng town people life and fate. The full text is divided into five parts: introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The introduction firstly summarizes the research status of "fool Wilson" at home and abroad, introduces the concept of power and discourse of Foucault, describes the research meaning and purpose of the text. The first chapter selects Wilson and small cloth as a typical case, discusses the person in the Tao Town is how to control words and power. Wilson by common criteria the discourse does not conform to the town of discourse, and is a fool of discourse and power construction status. In the monitoring and power of the residents of the town to continue his trial, Werwilson gradually conforms to the requirements of power and discourse, become a submissive way. Because of the small town of cloth 1/12 black by power and discourse to construct the identity of the black slaves, he carried his master's physical discipline and spirit of discipline, the small cloth will eventually become a docile slave. The second chapter explains the role of group discourse and power in the black and white population groups. For the black community, road students practice in strict accordance with the descent to divide the town people's ethnic group is a kind of madness. But the black community has been suppressed. The power discourse of Tao Sheng town white groups words like a Panopticon, in which blacks are discipline and control of discourse and power. In addition, white the construction of power discourse and nobility descendants of Virginia white populations, with white populations in the discourse and the power of discipline and control of other populations at the same time, but also by its own discourse and power. The training. The third chapter discusses the novel creation background, analysis of the discourse and the power of Mark Twin. First, as the author of the novel, Mark Twain used his power as a writer, by the characters of discourse to express their social values and ethnic view. Secondly, in order to avoid direct conflict and racist. Mark Twin has also been a social discourse and its disciplinary power. In conclusion, discourse and discourse prevailing in Yu Daosheng town. Various discourse and power relations are intertwined, forming a huge and complicated discourse and power network. The Tao gave birth to the town of discourse and power of individual network will be a small town, groups included among them, have a huge impact on their lives.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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