《黑暗昭昭》中的异化与拯救

发布时间：2018-02-09 04:00

本文关键词： 《黑暗昭昭》异化拯救　出处：《广西大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：威廉·戈尔丁(1911-1993)是英国二十世纪具有重要影响力的作家,他的十余部作品获奖甚多,曾于1980年和1983年分别获得英国布克小说奖和诺贝尔文学奖,因此他的作品大受批评界关注。《黑暗昭昭》完成于1979年,是戈尔丁十年休眠期后发表的重要作品,并获得了英国布莱克纪念奖。尽管戈尔丁的作品较多,但国内外学者大多仍将注意力集中在《蝇王》这一部作品上,自身分量几乎与《蝇王》相当,形式却比《蝇王》复杂得多的《黑暗昭昭》得到的关注与研究则要比前者少得多。国内外学者对《黑暗昭昭》的研究也多围绕象征主义、二元对立、写作技巧等展开,集中在人性善恶和宗教主题上,而《黑暗昭昭》中的生存、心理异化状态以及异化救赎努力,目前还没有文章进行系统的解读。《黑暗昭昭》展现了二战之后英国小镇的人们,在罪恶与恐怖的余波之中变得疏离和异化,这种生存和心理体验恰好与弗洛姆的异化理论契合。弗洛姆认为异化是一种病态的心理体验,并将其作为描述当代西方人和社会病态的中心术语。他认为不健康的社会将加剧人的无力感,在爱与信仰的缺失下,人们为了生存屈从外界权力从而放弃自我,在病态人格中沉沦,继而导致自我异化。深陷于异化的人们,也开始试图挣扎着寻找获得拯救的途径。小说中的两大主人公麦蒂与苏菲通过不同的选择,走向了全然不同的归宿。而对于人类异化的拷问,不同的学者给出了不同的解决办法,萨特主张人们面对世界的荒诞和人的异化应该自由选择,并为其承担责任,弗洛姆希望用爱与宽容来消除人性异化,克尔凯郭尔则认为只有通过宗教才能获得最终的拯救。当苏菲带着恶意做着无谓的挣扎并在异化中沉沦时,麦蒂选择通过贴近自然,通过爱与宗教获得救赎,并帮助他人获得拯救。依托弗洛姆的人本主义思想和萨特与克尔凯郭尔的存在主义思想,本文分析了小说中人的异化与拯救。首先阐明的是人与外部世界的异化,这一部分包括人与自然的异化以及社会对人的异化。自然在人类发动的战争与工业文明下受到破坏,同时也对人类进行着报复,人与自然的关系并不和谐；战争不仅对自然造成破坏,同时也给人的生存带来不可磨灭的影响,而大众媒体、工业文明与商品经济的盛行以及学校与监狱等社会机构的冷漠都使人的异化进一步加剧。其次论文分析了人与自我的异化以及人际间的异化。人们在爱与信仰的缺失下,普遍产生一种自我认同的焦虑,并在自身的病态性格中沉沦,走向与自我的异化;亲人、恋人、朋友甚至不同族群之间的关系也深深地打上了异化的烙印,人们的情感中充满着愤怒、冷漠、孤绝与混乱,异化中的人们亟待拯救。论文最后解读两大主人公苏菲与麦蒂为了逃离异化做出的挣扎。苏菲选择不停地作恶以摆脱孤绝之感,却以失败告终,并在异化中沉沦,自食其果；麦蒂选择从自然中汲取力量,通过成熟的爱与宗教启示拯救他人,并使自我得到救赎。麦蒂的拯救意味着现代社会中的人们依然有摆脱异化的希望,因此对文本中异化与拯救的解读也有了现实意义。
[Abstract]:William Golding (1911-1993) is a British in twentieth Century has an important influence on the writer, his works more than ten many awards, in 1980 and 1983 respectively won the Booker Prize and the Nobel prize for literature, so his works have critical attention. < > darkness visible completed in 1979, is an important work of Goldin published ten years after the period of dormancy, and won the Black Memorial Prize. Although Goldin's many works, but most scholars still focus on the book < > Lord of the flies, its components and < > as Lord of the flies almost, attention and research forms are more complicated than < < flies > > the darkness visible than the former is much less. Research on < > darkness visible at home and abroad scholars mostly focus on symbolism, two opposites, writing skills, focus on human nature and religious themes, and "darkness visible "The survival of psychological alienation and the alienation of state redemption efforts, there is no systematic interpretation. The darkness visible to show the people > English town after World War II, become alienated and alienation in the aftermath of evil and terror, the survival and psychological experience coincided with Fromm's alienation theory, Fromm thinks that alienation is fit. A morbid psychological experience, and as the center of contemporary society described in terms of westerners and sick. He doesn't believe that a healthy society will increase people's sense of powerlessness, lack of love and faith in the people, in order to survive to outside power to give up self destruction in morbid personality, then lead to the self alienation of people. Deep in the alienation, also began to struggle to find the way to salvation. In the novels of the two main characters Sophie and Tracy McGrady through different choices to the different Home. For human alienation of torture, different scholars have given different solutions, Sutter advocates that people face the alienation of the absurdity of the world and people should be free to choose, and to take responsibility for it, Fromm hope with love and tolerance to eliminate the alienation of human nature, Kierkegaard argues that eventually only through religion to save when Sophie took ill doing unnecessary struggle and destruction in the process of alienation, McGrady through the choice of close to nature, salvation through love and religion, and help others to salvation. Based on Fromm's humanism thought and Sutter and Kerr Kay Gol's existentialism, this paper analyzes the alienation in the novel and the people to save. The first is to clarify the alienation of people and the outside world, this part includes man and nature's alienation and social alienation of human nature. In the war launched by human and industrial civilization Under the damage, but also on human revenge, the relationship between man and nature is not harmonious; the war not only on the natural damage, but also bring an indelible impact to human survival, and the mass media, industrial civilization and commodity economy and the prevalence of school and prison and other social institutions to further alienation of human indifference intensified. Second this thesis analyzes the alienation and self alienation and interpersonal. People in the absence of love and faith, generally have a sense of identity anxiety, and sink in the pathological character in its own direction, and self alienation; family, lovers, friends and even the relationship between different ethnic groups are also deeply to the alienation of the brand, people's emotions are full of anger, apathy, loneliness and alienation in the confusion, people need to be saved. The final interpretation of the two protagonists Sophie and Tracy McGrady to escape from Make the struggle. Sophie chose not to stop the evil to get rid of isolated feeling, but ended in failure, and destruction, in the process of alienation itself; McGrady choice draw strength from the nature, through love and religious revelation mature save others, and make self salvation. McGrady salvation means that people in modern society in there is still hope to get rid of alienation, alienation and save text interpretation has practical significance.

【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I561.074

【相似文献】