E.L.多克托罗小说《纽约兄弟》的存在主义探究

发布时间：2018-03-03 16:20

本文选题：E.L.多克托罗　切入点：《纽约兄弟》　出处：《河南工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小说是关于个体存在的诗性沉思。作为一个具有人文主义思想的美国犹太作家,E.L.多克托罗以简洁的叙事艺术探索当下社会个体存在的可能性,其作品无不体现对个人生命的终极关怀和哲学思考。《纽约兄弟》以美国著名的囤积者——科利尔兄弟为原型,通过作者的部分改写,展现纽约城及全球范围的风云变幻。作为一门关注个体生存方式和意义的哲学,存在主义在现代及后现代作品中影响深远,丰富多克托罗在小说中对现实世界的感性体验。近年来,国内外学者从新历史主义媒介生态学空间认识论伦理学和叙事学等角度对《纽约兄弟》的主题和叙事策略进行分析,探讨有关生存空间个人道德宗教和现代性等寓意,但用存在主义分析小说人物的生存方式及意义的相关研究仍未系统展开。上世纪五六十年代,存在主义在美国得到迅速发展,并与人文主义结合,拓展战后几代作家的创作思想和手法。多克托罗深受存在主义思想的影响,在小说中揭示战争和各种危机所引发的混乱以及带给个人的重创。本论文运用荒诞异化不诚自由和责任等存在主义观点深入探讨囤积兄弟生存轨迹的偏差及自由的抗争。尽管遇到诸多困难,比如生活在满是废弃物的环境中以及社会他人和自我的疏离等,但通过对人生的哲学思考自由选择承担责任和保持真实情感等行为,他们维护自身的独立和尊严。然而,对生存超越的普遍失败讽刺在巨大压力下个人抗争的徒劳,进一步阐释兄弟俩的被困而死及美国梦的衰败所蕴含的现实意义。通过主题分析,本论文得出如下结论:多克托罗对小说人物的各种生存方式和意义的书写与存在主义思想高度契合。自由无关成功与否,生活在个人意志与现实的冲突中,任何人都有超越自身获得真实存在的可能性。在小说中,作者既褒扬个体在困境中的本真行动和责任,同时也批判乱世中人性的脆弱,发人深思。
[Abstract]:As an American Jewish writer with humanism, E. L#internal_person0# explores the possibility of individual existence in the present society with concise narrative art. The New York Brothers, based on the famous American hoarder, the Collier Brothers, is adapted in part by the author. As a philosophy that focuses on the way individuals live and their meaning, existentialism has a profound impact on modern and postmodern works. Enrich Doctorow's perceptual experience of the real world in his novels. Media ecology? Spatial epistemology? From the perspectives of ethics and narratology, this paper analyzes the theme and narrative strategy of Brothers in New York, and probes into the living space. Personal morality? In 0th century, existentialism developed rapidly in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s, and combined with humanism. Doctorow deeply influenced by existentialism, reveals the chaos caused by war and various crises and the personal damage in his novels. This thesis applies absurdity to the development of the creative ideas and techniques of several generations of postwar writers. Alienation? Not sincere? Existentialist perspectives such as freedom and responsibility delve into the biases of the trajectory of hoarding brothers and the struggle for freedom. Despite the difficulties encountered, such as living in an environment full of waste and society? The alienation of others and the self, but through the philosophical thinking of life? Free choice? They uphold their independence and dignity by taking responsibility and maintaining true feelings. However, the widespread failure to transcend survival satirizes the futility of personal struggle under great pressure, To further explain the practical implications of the brothers' trapped death and the decline of the American dream. This paper draws the following conclusions: Doctorow's writing of various ways of life and significance of the characters in the novel is highly compatible with existentialism. Freedom is not about success or not, but living in the conflict between personal will and reality. Anyone who transcends himself? In the novel, the author not only extolls the individual's true actions and responsibilities in the predicament, but also criticizes the fragility of human nature in turbulent times, which is thought-provoking.
【学位授予单位】：河南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I712.074

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