试论木心的文学史讲述方式

发布时间：2018-03-07 23:32

本文选题：木心　切入点：文学史讲述方式　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：木心的文学史讲述集中体现在《文学回忆录》中。1989年至1994年,木心先生在纽约给陈丹青等人讲授世界文学史,陈丹青在这五年的时间内记录下五大本课堂笔记,《文学回忆录》正是在这五本课堂笔记基础上整理出版的。自出版以来,便吸引了众多读者的目光,它既是文学史,又不仅仅是文学史,它包含了木心先生对文学的诸多主观看法。本文试从三大章来论述木心的文学史讲论方式:木心的文学史讲述方式之影响因素、木心的文学史讲述方式之具体分析和木心的文学史讲述方式之特点及意义。首先,关于木心的文学史讲述方式之影响因素,这与讲述主体与讲述对象都息息相关,木心作为文学史的讲述主体,他的特殊之处在于他有一颗艺术家的“文心”,用“文心”来雕琢文学史,随之带出的是木心丰富多彩的精神家园,这与木心多年的人生经历和阅读经验不可分割,木心从小生活在中西文化汇集之地浙江乌镇,形成了一种包容并蓄的世界观,这对木心以世界性的视野来看待中西文学起到了潜移默化的影响;随后在上海学习绘画的经历让木心深受西方浪漫主义、唯美主义的熏陶,这为他的感兴审美、印象批评奠定了基础;木心的留美经历让他完成了“飞散”身份的转变,形成跨越民族主义的视角。另一方面,听木心讲述文学史课的并非普通学生,而是一群留美的艺术家们,他们群体的特殊性也对木心讲述文学史的方式有很大的影响。其次,关于木心的文学史讲述方式之具体分析,文学史的书写或多或少都有理论和批评成分的参与,文学家对于他所阐述、评议的文学的标准正是由其文学史观决定的,木心主要运用的是中国古典感兴式批评、尚友古人和西方的印象批评,重在主观的印象、感受、判断,不追求客观、全面、精细。文学史实只是用来说明他对文学的看法。他自述:“一部文学史,重要的是我的观点。”而在对文学史史料的选择和梳理上,与传统文学史的涵盖范围也有很大的差异。此外,文学史观与研究方法,可谓互为因果关系,也可以说,运用不同的研究方法,可能让文学史家形成不同的文学史观。木心在《文学回忆录》中主要运用了对比等研究方法。最后,关于木心的文学史讲述方式之特点及意义,木心讲述文学史最大的特点在于阐述的主体性、极富优美性的语言形式背后是充满智慧的哲理,在传递其独特的文学见解的同时,体现了木心先生跨越民族主义的世界性视野,这对当今文学史的书写提供了一种新的思路。
[Abstract]:From 1989 to 1994, Mr. Muxin taught Chen Danqing and others the history of world literature in New York. Chen Danqing has recorded five major classroom notes in this five-year period. "Literary Memoirs" was compiled and published on the basis of these five classroom notes. Since its publication, Chen Danqing has attracted the attention of many readers. It is the history of literature. Not only literary history, but also contains a lot of subjective views on literature by Mr. Mu Xin. This paper tries to discuss Muxin's approach to literary history from three chapters: the influence factors of Mu Xin's narrative way of literary history. The specific analysis of Mu Xin's literary history narration and the characteristics and significance of Mu Xin's literary history narration. First of all, the influencing factors of Mu Xin's literary history narration mode are closely related to the narration subject and the narration object. As the narrator of literary history, Mu Xin is special in that he has an artist's "Wen Xin" to carve out literary history with "Wen Xin", which brings out the rich and colorful spiritual home of Mu Xin. This is inseparable from Muxin's many years of life experience and reading experience. As a child, Muxin lived in Wuzhen, Zhejiang Province, where Chinese and Western cultures converge, forming an inclusive and reserved worldview. This had an imperceptible influence on Mu Xin's view of Chinese and Western literature from a worldwide perspective. Subsequently, the experience of studying painting in Shanghai made Muxin deeply influenced by Western romanticism and aestheticism, which was his feeling and appreciation of beauty. Impression criticism laid the foundation; Mu Xin's experience in the United States enabled him to complete the transformation of his "flying away" identity, forming a perspective across nationalism. On the other hand, it was not ordinary students who listened to Mu Xin's lectures on literary history. It is a group of artists who are studying in the United States. The particularity of their group also has a great influence on the way in which Mu Xin talks about the history of literature. Secondly, the specific analysis of the way in which Mu Xin tells the history of literature. The writing of literary history has more or less the participation of theoretical and critical elements. The standard of literary criticism, as expounded by the writer, is determined by his view of the history of literature. Muxin mainly uses Chinese classical criticism. The impressionist criticism of the ancients and the West focused on subjective impressions, feelings, judgments, and did not pursue objectivity, comprehensiveness and fineness. The historical facts of literature were only used to illustrate his views on literature. "A literary history," he said. What is important is my viewpoint. "and in the selection and sorting of historical materials of literary history, there is also a great difference between the scope of coverage of traditional literary history and that of literary history. In addition, the view of literary history and the research method can be said to be causality with each other," he said. Using different research methods may lead literary historians to form different views on literary history. Muxin mainly uses comparative research methods in his "Memoirs of Literature". Finally, the characteristics and significance of the narration of Mu Xin's literary history are discussed. The greatest characteristic of Mu Xin's narration of literary history lies in his subjectivity. Behind the beautiful language form is the wisdom of philosophy. While passing on his unique literary views, Muxin embodies Mr. Muxin's world vision of transcending nationalism. This provides a new way of thinking for the writing of the history of literature today.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I109

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