论《美丽曲线》中主人公尼克的心理防御机制

发布时间：2018-03-08 02:07

本文选题：《美丽曲线》　切入点：心理防御机制　出处：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小说《美丽曲线》以其对19世纪80年代的社会氛围及人物的精妙刻画于2004年荣获曼·布克奖,作者阿兰·霍林赫斯特在此之前便以多部同性恋题材小说获得文学评论界极大的关注。本文以精神分析法中的心理防御机制理论为切入点,深入结合历史背景,探讨主人公尼克的生存困境。全文分绪论、正文、结语三部分,绪论部分介绍选题的背景及缘由、该小说在国内外的研究现状、选题意义、学术价值以及本论文的研究思路与主要内容。正文部分分为三章:第一章介绍心理防御机制。本章阐释了由弗洛伊德提出的著名精神分析理论中心理防御机制,表明这是一种有助于理解文学,理解人性的文学批评策略。心理防御机制顾名思义即自我针对一定压力情境下感到的无意识焦虑所采取的行为表现。正因为其能使主体在遭受挫折后免除精神压力,具有广泛的积极意义。心理防御机制的局限性则在于其逃避现实、无法真正解决消除困境。第二章解析主人公尼克采取的心理防御机制。具体通过分析主人公尼克无意识采取的“否定”,“幻想”,“补偿”及“认同”行为表现,力图解释心理防御机制是如何让尼克成功得回避种种现实生活中的焦虑,过上了四年人上人的生活。最后就尼克最终沦落驱逐的惨状进一步分析心理防御机制虽能暂时缓和心理冲突让主体以积极乐观的心态面对现实中的不如意,但其回避现实问题的弊端让尼克不断模糊对真实的认知,最终让尼克陷入了个人编织的困境。第三章探究历史背景下尼克的心理防御机制。针对20世纪80年代经济萧条对底层人民的冲击、上流阶层掀起的消费主义潮流及无端的恐同现象,深度挖掘时代背景是如何对个人形成压力,促使个人在潜意识中通过心理防御机制平衡外界压力。最后一部分是结论,总述主人公尼克采取的主要心理防御机制。通过探索19世纪80年代的历史背景,尼克的心理防御机制得到了更充分的解读。
[Abstract]:The novel "the Curve of Beauty" won the Man Booker Prize in 2004 for its exquisite portrayal of the social atmosphere and characters of 1880s. The author, Alan Hollinghurst, has received great attention in literary criticism from a number of novels about homosexuality before that. This paper is based on the psychological defense mechanism theory of psychoanalysis, and combines the historical background with it. The thesis is divided into three parts: introduction, text, conclusion. The introduction part introduces the background and reason of the topic, the present situation of the novel at home and abroad, the significance of the topic selection. The main body is divided into three chapters: the first chapter introduces the psychological defense mechanism. This chapter explains the psychological defense mechanism in the famous psychoanalytic theory put forward by Freud. Shows that this is a way of understanding literature, The psychological defense mechanism is, as the name implies, the behavior of the self-directed toward the unconscious anxiety in a certain stress situation, precisely because it can relieve the subject from mental stress after suffering setbacks. The limitation of psychological defense mechanism lies in its escapism. The second chapter analyzes the psychological defense mechanism adopted by Nick, the protagonist, by analyzing his behavior of "negation", "fantasy", "compensation" and "identity". Trying to explain how the psychological defense mechanism allowed Nick to successfully avoid real-life anxieties, After four years of human life, the final analysis of the tragic situation of Nick's eventual expulsion further analyzed that although the psychological defense mechanism can temporarily ease the psychological conflict, the main body can face the disappointments in reality with a positive and optimistic attitude. But its drawback of avoiding real problems made Nick constantly blur his perception of reality. The third chapter explores the psychological defense mechanism of Nick in the historical context. In view of the impact of the economic depression on the bottom of the population in 1980s, The trend of consumerism and unprovoked homophobia set off by the upper class, how to create pressure on individuals in the background of the times, and how to promote the individual to balance external pressure through psychological defense mechanism in the subconscious. The last part is the conclusion. Through exploring the historical background of 1880s, Nick's psychological defense mechanism has been fully interpreted.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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