希腊罗马（从伊索克拉底到苏维托尼乌斯）传记文史特性考察—西方传记文史归属争议的缘起

发布时间：2018-03-28 11:39

本文选题：希腊罗马　切入点：传记　出处：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：关于传记文类归属的争论历时已久,实际上传记所具有的文学性和历史性都是无法否认的,取消了其中任何一个方面也就相当于取消了传记本身,无论把传记看作历史学的分支或是文学的部门都是不准确的。传记应是一种特殊的文艺形态、一种独立于文学和历史学之外的文类。由于传记的文学性与史学性直接关系到传记的可读性与真实性、道德垂训与史料剪裁、人物细节与想象虚构等一系列矛盾因素,因而传记作品的文史归属一直备受关注。从历史发展来看,传记作品的体裁起源、记述内容与价值追求,使其自产生之日起便兼具着文史双重属性。由于缺乏成熟的传记理论指导,所以希腊、罗马时期的传记呈现出或重视文学性或重视史学性的摆动。这种摆动在某种意义上受到哲学观念、伦理倾向,甚至民族主义等历史时代背景与思想文化背景的影响。希腊、罗马时期的传记体现出传记从起源、演进到成熟定型的一般趋势。而传记作家自身的文学、史学、哲学等层面的涵养也是造成传记作品表现出文学性与史学性差别显著的一个重要原因。对于事物或现象起源的追溯,往往涉及对多种因素的考虑。就西方传记文史特性起源而言,需借助民俗学、考古学等资料辅助,从目前掌握的资料可以确定:传记的文史特性交织是多种因素作用的结果,祖先、英雄崇拜意识、垂训教育观念与满足自身纪念天性需求等都对传记写作产生了重要的影响。此外,在不同的发展时期,在时代与社会因素影响下个体写作出现种种差异,在文史特性的表现上也不尽相同。据此,本文的研究在时间段上主要选取的是自西方传记的滥觞时期至传记写作走向成熟与分化的古罗马后期。具体而言,主要包括伊索克拉底、色诺芬、奈波斯、塔西佗、普鲁塔克与苏维托尼乌斯等六位传记作家及其主要传记作品,通过对传记作家所处时代背景、社会环境及其自身的学术思想,考察传记写作兼具文史特性的深层原因;并对传记作品梳理、分析,以考察不同时期传记写作的风格,即文学与史学影响下的传记作品初步形成,哲学影响下的希腊早期传记,通俗与严谨写作并行不悖的罗马传记。并通过对这些传记作品的梳理与研究,探讨西方传记早期文史特性产生与发展历程,进而分析西方传记文史争议的缘起。
[Abstract]:The controversy over the attribution of biographies has lasted a long time. In fact, the literary and historical nature of biographies cannot be denied, and cancelling any of them is tantamount to cancelling the biographies themselves. Biographies are not accurate either as a branch of history or as a branch of literature. Biographies should be a special form of literature and art. A genre independent of literature and history. Because the literariness and historiography of biographies are directly related to the readability and truthfulness of biographies, moral training and historical materials cutting, details of characters and imagination and fiction are a series of contradictory factors. Therefore, the literary and historical attribution of biographical works has always been concerned. From the historical development point of view, the genre origin, content and value pursuit of biographical works, From the day it was born, it had the dual attributes of literature and history. Due to the lack of a mature biographical theory, Greece, The biography of the Roman period showed or attached great importance to the literary or historical swinging, which in a sense was influenced by the historical and cultural backgrounds of philosophy, ethics, and even nationalism. The biographies of the Roman period reflected the general trend of biographies from their origin, evolution to maturity, and the biographers' own literature, history, The conservation of philosophy is also an important reason why biographies show significant differences between literariness and historiography. As far as the origin of the characteristics of western biographies is concerned, it is necessary to assist with folklore and archaeology. From the data currently available, it can be ascertained that the intertwining of literary and historical characteristics of biographies is the result of the action of many factors. Ancestors, the consciousness of hero worship, the concept of training and education, and the need to satisfy one's own memorial nature all have an important impact on biographical writing. In addition, in different periods of development, there are various differences in individual writing under the influence of times and social factors. The characteristics of literature and history are not the same. Accordingly, the study of this paper mainly selects from the beginning period of Western biographies to the late Roman period in which biographical writing matures and diverges. It mainly includes six biographers and their main biographical works, such as Issocrates, Xenophen, Nepsia, Tacitus, Plutarch and Suvetonius, and through the background of the biographers, the social environment and their own academic thoughts. This paper examines the deep reasons why biographical writing has the characteristics of literary history, combs and analyses biographical works in order to investigate the style of biographical writing in different periods, that is, the initial formation of biographical works under the influence of literature and historiography, and the early biographies of Greece under the influence of philosophy. Through combing and studying these biographies, this paper probes into the origin and development of the early literary and historical characteristics of western biographies, and then analyzes the origin of disputes over the literary and historical history of western biographies.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I106.5

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