A.S.拜厄特主要小说中历史叙事的多维度研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 15:00

本文选题：A.S.拜厄特　切入点：历史叙事　出处：《上海外国语大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：A.S.拜厄特(1936-)是当代英国著名小说家、文学评论家。她的文学创作和批评实践均体现了对过去及其意义的持续关注。她书写历史的倾向部分源于对“唯我论”的拒斥,她认为写作应该使人得以跳出自我的藩篱,想象外部世界。她提倡“腹语术”(又称“口吻模仿”),反对“独白”,并将自己的小说创作与19世纪盛行的唯灵论进行类比;如同灵媒借自己之口将死者的声音传达给生者一样,拜厄特同样藉由历史小说使过去的幽灵起死回生,从而缩短过去与现在的距离。拜厄特对历史书写的浓厚兴趣也同80、90年代新历史主义理论推动下英国“新历史小说”的复苏密切相连。然而她的历史小说并不能简单地归纳入后现代主义文学分类中,应当说,新历史主义对历史与叙事关系的再思考仅仅为她深入探查历史叙事的多个方面提供了一个基本入口和出发点。尽管已有相当数量的评论提及拜厄特小说的历史叙事,但对这一论题系统的研究论著尚未出现。相关评论也仅局限于对狭义叙事问题如叙事技巧和策略的讨论,忽略了其他的角度。此外,布克奖获奖小说《占有》几乎垄断了评论界对拜厄特的研究兴趣,除此以外的作品讨论虽新近兴起,仍十分不足。鉴于此,本论文将拜厄特创作中期的《占有》及其前后各一部作品纳入解析范围,旨在探索她小说中所呈现的历史叙事的多个维度。论文深入挖掘拜厄特历史叙事的三种形态,即文本化的历史、诊疗性的历史和修订的历史,一部作品集中探讨一种形态,目的在于体现每一个维度的独特性并详细解读相应文本。论文以文本细读为基础,全方位、多角度地解析历史叙事这一核心问题。本论文包括绪论、主体三章和结论。绪论部分厘清了论文所涉及的主要概念,阐明了拜厄特历史书写的自有特色和她的历史观,对国内外拜厄特研究进行了一番梳理,并简要介绍了研究方法和论文的框架结构。第一章深入探讨《园中处女》中文本化的历史。拜厄特一方面对历史叙事抵达真实的主张深信不疑,另一方面又同时将历史看作是语言建构的文本产物。本章首先分析了她如何通过回溯20世纪50年代落后保守的性别意识形态以及消费主义文化来重构真实的社会历史风貌;接着阐释她怎样通过模糊历史与故事的界限以及互文性两个叙事策略来构建文本化历史。拜厄特运用成长小说作为统领全书的情节化模式:弗拉德里卡从青少年向成人的过渡和斯蒂芬妮经由恋爱、婚姻和怀孕向成熟女性的转折都紧密契合成长小说体裁结构,显示出历史是经由文本所调停和塑造的。此外,拜厄特通过书写互文的历史来强调历史的语言建构性。波特姐妹俩的个人史分别与冥后珀尔塞福涅和童贞女王的神话故事构成明显的互文关系,这种对神话文本的指涉使得历史叙述成为互文网络上的一个结节,从而进一步凸显历史的文本性。第二章着重研究《占有:一个罗曼史》中诊疗性的历史。本章的基本观点在于,历史并非完全包含于遗留下来的文件中,它不是一个固定的、先验的存在,而是存在于当代人的头脑与心灵中,伴随着我们对史料的诠释活动而生成;心灵对过去的重建会产生积极的、治疗般的作用。首先,小说将关注点从发生在19世纪的历史事件转移到了 20世纪两位主人公对事件的阐释上,历史成为现在与过去的交互作用,存在于史学家与过去的“对话”中,这一过程既满足了当代史学家求知的欲望,又使得他们必须充分动用良性的想象力来与生疏的过去达到认同。第二,两位史学家不仅在心灵中重新回味和过滤维多利亚世界的信仰和准则,甚至在生活中也成为他们所研究对象的翻版。通过构建维多利亚和当代情节之间、以及两组人物之间出奇的对应相似性,拜厄特强调了过去对现在的影响。第三,当代史学家在试图介入并揭开一个世纪之前的一桩风流韵事的谜团之时,也踏上了通向自我认识、心理成长和情感实现的旅程。他们藉文学考古寻求真相,也藉历史的浸润得以从令人虚弱的现代症候中解放出来,得到拯救。第三章全面考察《天使与昆虫》中修订的历史。用拜厄特的话说,支撑这一叙事变种的是书写被边缘化、被遗忘的、未留下记录的历史的强大冲动。拜厄特致力于恢复被排除于官方版本之外的女性群体的历史,两部中篇分别侧重于揭穿男性视角和重新刻写女性声音,合起来构成修订的历史。《大闪蝶尤金尼亚》从男主人公的视角展开叙述,凸显男性观点如何命名、统治和压迫女性,并通过两位女主人公的亚叙事来质疑和颠覆男性视角,从而使被删除的女性声音巧妙地重返维多利亚历史。《婚约天使》为艾米莉·丁尼生构想了一种生活,不囿于丁尼生和哈勒姆文本中无足轻重的注脚位置。通过给予艾米莉声音,小说策划了她从男性创作故事的自我解放。小说也将女性灵媒拉上前台,显示她们自动书写所具有的颠覆性作用,即赋予女性言语自由、揭露女性无意识中被压抑的欲望。结论部分简要总结了拜厄特小说中历史叙事所呈现的多个维度,指出这三种变体一一修订的,文本化的,诊疗性的,分别对应历史写作中线性的三个基本点一一动因,技法,效果,这不仅印证了拜厄特对历史书写问题高度的关注,更体现了她对历史叙事全方位、多角度的积极探索。该部分最后在当代语境下重申了拜厄特历史书写的成就与重要性。
[Abstract]:A.S. Byatt (1936-) is a well-known contemporary British novelist and literary critic. Her literary creation and criticism are reflected in the continued focus on the past and its significance. Her writing tendency of history on the part of the source of "solipsism" rejection, she believes that writing should enable them to jump out of the barriers of self, imagine the outside world. She advocated "ventriloquism" (also known as the "tone of imitation"), against the "monologue", and his novels and popular nineteenth Century spiritualism analogy; through his mouth as psychic will convey to the living dead sound like the same historical novel that Byatt by the ghosts of the past life, so shorten the past and present distance. Byatt's interest in history writing with new historicism theory in 80,90 to promote the British "new historical novel" recovery is closely linked. However her history The novel can not be simply classified as postmodern literature classification, it should be said that the new historicism of history and narrative relationship of rethinking many aspects only for her in-depth exploration of the historical narrative provides a basic entrance and the starting point of historical narrative. Although a considerable number of Byatt's comments, but research works on this topic the system has not yet appeared. Comments are only confined to the narrow narrative problems such as discussion of narrative skills and strategies, ignoring the other point of view. In addition, the Booker Prize winning novel < > occupies almost a monopoly of interest in Byatt's critics, in addition to the work discussed though recently. Is still very insufficient. In view of this, this paper will create the mid < > Byatt possession and before and after each work into the analytical scope, aims to explore the multiple historical narrative in her novels. The mining depth dimension. Three forms of Byatt's historical narrative, i.e. textualized history, clinical history and revision history, explore a form of concentrated work, aims to reflect the uniqueness of each dimension and detailed interpretation of the corresponding text. Based on the text, the full range. A core problem of multi angle analysis of historical narration. This dissertation consists of introduction, three main chapters and conclusion. The introduction part clarifies the main concepts involved in this paper, illustrates Byatt's historical writing has its own features and her view of history, the research of Byatt at home and abroad have made a comb, and briefly introduces the research method of frame structure and of the thesis. Chapter one discusses the history of the virgin Chinese > < in the garden. On the one hand, the historical narrative in Byatt's real claim that on the other hand, at the same time as history Text product of language construction. This chapter first analyzes how she passed back in 1950s the conservative and backward gender ideology of consumerism culture to reconstruct the true social history; then explain how she through fuzzy history and story boundaries and intertextuality two narrative strategies to construct textual history. The plot mode using the Bildungsroman as Byatt guide book: Fuladelika from teenagers to adults through the transition and Stephanie love, marriage and pregnancy to mature women are turning to closely fit the Bildungsroman genre structure, showing the history is mediated via text and shape. In addition, by writing the history of Byatt's intertextuality emphasizes historical language construction of Potter sisters. The personal history of Queen Pearl Seifu Ne and the Virgin Queen respectively with the fairy tale a clear Intertextuality This kind of relationship, the text refers to the myth of history as a nodule on the network and intertextuality, further highlighting the textuality of history. The second chapter focuses on the "possession: a romance of diagnostic treatment history. The main point of this chapter is that history is not completely contained in the legacy of the file. It is not a fixed, the existence of a priori, but in the mind and heart of contemporary people, along with our interpretation of historical activities and generation; heart will have a positive for the reconstruction of the past, like the treatment effect. First, the novel will focus from historical events occurred in nineteenth Century transferred to the in twentieth Century two protagonists of events on the interpretation of history, present and past interactions exist in the past, historians and the" dialogue ", this process can not only meet the contemporary historians of the desire for knowledge, but also makes the They must make full use of benign imagination and unfamiliar to past identity. Second, second historians not only in the mind recall and filtering of Vitoria world's beliefs and standards, even in life they have also become the object of study. Through the construction of Vitoria version and contemporary plot, and between the two groups of people were corresponding similarity in the past, Byatt emphasizes the effect on the present. In third, the contemporary historians tried to uncover a pile of a romantic affair a century before the mystery, also to the self cognition, emotion and psychological growth of the journey. They seek the truth through literature archaeological history, but also by the infiltration of liberated. From the modern symptoms debilitating salvation. The third chapter reviews comprehensively revised history of angels and insects. In Byatt's words >, support this A variant of the narrative writing are marginalized and forgotten, did not leave a strong impulse of recorded history. Byatt is committed to restoring the excluded from the official version of women's history, Two Novellas are focused on debunking the male perspective and re writing of female voice, together constitute a revision of the history of morpho. Eugenia > from hero narrative perspective, highlighting how the viewpoint of male domination and oppression of women, naming, and sub narrative through the two heroines of the questions and subverts the male perspective, so that the female voice is removed skillfully to return to the Vitoria history. Angel Emily Tennyson > engagement conceived of a life, not because of little importance Tennyson and Haarlem in the text of the footnote position. By giving the voice of Emily, her novels planning from male stories novels will also be self liberation. Female medium pull on the front, they display automatic writing has subversive role, namely giving women the freedom of speech, the repressed unconscious desire to expose women. The conclusion briefly summarizes the multiple dimensions of historical narration in Byatt's fiction shows, pointed out that the three variants of the revised text of the 11, diagnosis and treatment. The three corresponding linear historical writing basic points motivation techniques, which not only confirms the effect of Byatt history writing attention more, she embodies the historical narrative and actively explore the all-round, multi angle. At the end of this part, in the context of contemporary achievements and historical importance of Byatt reiterated writing.

【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074

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