身份焦虑与身份认同——也谈《地下室手记》

发布时间：2018-05-23 21:09

本文选题：身份 + 身份焦虑　；参考：《俄罗斯文艺》2017年02期

【摘要】：《地下室手记》包含了相当丰富而现代的思想内涵,从身份焦虑和身份认同角度,可以从另一新的角度揭示这部小说所蕴含的现代意义或当代意义。身份焦虑是指人的内心所潜藏的对自己身份的一种担忧或焦虑;身份认同主要指追求与他人相似(有哪些共同之处)或与他人相异(有哪些区别)。小说中的无名主人公因自幼父母双亡寄居远亲家里即有强烈的身份缺失和身份焦虑感,在学校同学们的嘲笑和冷淡进一步加重了其身份的焦虑感。小说更通过三件具体的事件,生动深刻地写出了主人公强烈的身份焦虑及突出的身份认同困境:第一件事是与一位军官的较量,主要表现身份焦虑;第二件事是参加同学送别宴会,主要表现身份认同;第三件事是与妓女丽莎的交往,主要表现保持身份的困境。经历了这三次事件后,主人公只有与世隔绝,躲进地下室中,最终成了人们口中所说的那种典型的矛盾体,永远无法摆脱身份焦虑更无法找到身份认同,连自己是怎样的人都无法搞清。这样,作家就超前地表现了现代人才有的那种身份焦虑与身份认同的困境,使作品独具现代性甚至当代性。
[Abstract]:Notes in the basement contain rich and modern ideological connotations. From the perspective of identity anxiety and identity, we can reveal the modern or contemporary meaning of this novel from another new angle. Identity anxiety refers to a kind of worry or anxiety about one's identity, which is hidden in one's heart, and identity mainly refers to the pursuit of similarity with others (what are common points) or differences from others (what are the differences). The nameless protagonist in the novel has a strong sense of identity loss and identity anxiety because of the death of both parents in his childhood. The ridicule and apathy of his classmates in the school have further aggravated the anxiety of his identity. Through three concrete events, the novel vividly and profoundly describes the protagonist's intense identity anxiety and prominent identity dilemma: the first thing is the contest with an officer, which mainly shows the identity anxiety; The second thing is to attend the farewell party, mainly to express identity; the third is to associate with Lisa, the hooker, mainly to maintain their identity dilemma. After these three events, the protagonist had to be isolated from the world and hide in the basement. Finally, he became what people called a typical contradiction. He could never get rid of identity anxiety, let alone find identity. I can't even figure out who I am. In this way, writers prematurely express the dilemma of identity anxiety and identity of modern talents, which makes the works unique to modernity and even contemporary.
【作者单位】：天津师大文学院;北京第二外国语学院陀思妥耶夫斯基研究中心;
【分类号】：I512.074

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