我反抗故我在—“反乌托邦三部曲”的存在主义倾向

发布时间：2018-06-21 18:37

本文选题：“反乌托邦三部曲” + 困境　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：扎米亚京的《我们》、赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》和奥威尔的《一九八四》合称为“反乌托邦三部曲”,三部曲对现代人生存境遇的深刻反思,对人在绝望境地中的自由意识和担当意识的呈现,以及对人面对自由时的两难选择的思考等,都折射出存在主义式的精神内涵。首先,“反乌托邦三部曲”中三个世界的运转法则像一道围墙将人困于其中,以“二二得四”为象征的极权主义将人从里到外纳入公式般的规划中,对人实行全面而精细的控制,久而久之造成人的全面异化。其次,三部曲的主人公在对荒诞的体察中实现了觉醒,力图超越非人的现实,回归真正的自我,在生存抑或毁灭的选择中毅然走向悲壮的反抗之路,正是这种自由意识与担当意识恢复了人性的尊严,体现出一种存在主义式的人道主义。最后,面对主人公的“异端”思想,三部曲的统治者们以陀思妥耶夫斯基笔下“宗教大法官”式的雄辩痛陈了自由带来的灾难,声称为了人类的幸福必须消灭自由,力图从精神上瓦解主人公的反抗意志。这种统治逻辑实际上构成了对存在主义自由观的“反拨”,正是这种“反拨”造成了主人公反抗的全面失败。然而,主人公的失败并不意味着其反抗价值的消解,而是指向了一种西西弗斯式的英雄主义,它也并不意味着最终结局,而是将自由与希望之火传递给了文本之外的读者,激励读者于现实生活中认识到自由的价值,承担起自由的重担。这正是“反乌托邦三部曲”留给我们的宝贵启示,也是作品的现实意义所在。
[Abstract]:Zamyatin's We, Huxley's Beautiful New World and Orwell's 1984 are called the dystopian trilogy, which reflects on the living conditions of modern people. The presentation of man's free consciousness and responsibility consciousness in the desperate situation, and the reflection of his dilemma in the face of freedom, all reflect the spirit connotation of existentialism. First of all, the rules of operation of the three worlds in the "dystopian trilogy" are like a wall that traps people, and totalitarianism, symbolized by "two and four", incorporates people from the inside to the outside into the formula of planning. The implementation of comprehensive and delicate control of people, over time caused by the overall alienation of people. Secondly, the protagonist of the trilogy realizes the awakening in the observation of absurdity, tries to transcend the inhuman reality, returns to the true self, and resolutely moves to the path of solemn resistance in the choice of existence or destruction. It is this sense of freedom and responsibility that restores the dignity of human nature and embodies an existentialist humanitarianism. Finally, in the face of the protagonist's "heresy" thoughts, the rulers of the trilogy used Dostoevsky's eloquence of "religious justices" to express the disaster of freedom, claiming that freedom must be eliminated for the sake of human happiness. Trying to break up the hero's will to resist spiritually. This kind of ruling logic actually constitutes the "backwash" of existentialism freedom, and it is this kind of "backwash" that causes the protagonist's total defeat in revolt. However, the failure of the protagonist does not mean that the value of his resistance is dispelled, but that he points to a Sisyphus heroism, which does not mean the final outcome, but conveys the fire of freedom and hope to readers outside the text. Encourage readers to realize the value of freedom and bear the burden of freedom in real life. This is the valuable inspiration of the dystopian trilogy and the practical significance of the work.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I106.4

【参考文献】