从《狄康卡近乡夜话》到《死魂灵》——论果戈理作品中“人民性”的演化与深入

发布时间：2018-06-23 02:05

本文选题：马克思主义 + 文艺人民性　；参考：《学习与探索》2016年09期

【摘要】：文艺的人民性是当代马克思主义文艺思想最核心的概念之一。从马克思和恩格斯早年关注民间文艺,到19世纪中期鼓励工人阶级的诗歌,再到列宁在20世纪初明确提出"艺术属于人民",马克思主义经典作家在欧洲进步文艺观念发展的基础上把文艺的人民性思想提升到了历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的新高度。马克思主义文艺思想的人民性原则不仅是一个思想立场的原则,还体现为对人民大众喜闻乐见的文艺形式与文艺载体新技术发展趋势的特别关注。在世界进步文艺思想发展的历程中,以普希金、果戈理、涅克拉索夫、陀思妥耶夫斯基、车尔尼雪夫斯基、列夫·托尔斯泰和高尔基为代表的俄国进步文学家对人民性概念的丰富和发展又做出了特殊的贡献。普希金和十二月党诗人继承了启蒙主义传统,强调文艺要关注人民的解放;果戈理把人民性更进一步地与文化的民族特色之艺术表达紧密相连;涅克拉索夫直接赋予了诗歌创作为人民首先是为苦难农民代言的神圣使命;陀思妥耶夫斯基主张文学家要像普希金那样与人民保持血肉相连的密切关系;列夫·托尔斯泰身体力行地书写宏大的人民历史的文学主题;契诃夫呼应托尔斯泰等前辈的人民性思想传统,力求扩展人民概念的内涵,争取广泛阶层的文化民主权利。俄国经典作家在文学人民性思想发展中做出了自己的努力,深化了人民性的思想内蕴,从而成为列宁主义文艺人民性思想构建的重要文化资源。在当代,学习践行马克思主义文艺学的人民性思想,重温世界进步文学思想的人民性传统,努力做到文艺家和文艺批评家为人民服务、为社会主义服务,是繁荣和发展社会主义文艺的根本要求。
[Abstract]:The people's character of literature and art is one of the most core concepts of contemporary Marxist literary thought. From Marx and Engels' early attention to folk literature and art, to poetry that encouraged the working class in the mid-19th century, In the beginning of the 20th century, Lenin clearly put forward that "art belongs to the people". On the basis of the development of European progressive literature and art concept, Marxist classical writers promoted the people's thought of literature and art to a new height of historical materialism and dialectical materialism. The people's principle of Marxist literary thought is not only a principle of ideological stand, but also a special attention to the popular form of literature and art and the trend of new technology development of the carrier of literature and art. In the course of the development of the world's progressive literary thought, Pushkin, Gogol, Necrasov, Dostoevsky, Chernicheevsky, Russian progressive writers represented by Leo Tolstoy and Gorky made special contributions to the enrichment and development of the concept of populace. The Poets of Pushkin and the Party of December inherited the tradition of enlightenment, emphasizing that literature and art should pay attention to the liberation of the people, Gogol closely linked the people's character with the artistic expression of the national characteristics of culture. Necrasov directly entrusted poetry creation with the sacred mission of the people first and foremost for the poor peasants. Dostoevsky advocated that writers should maintain a close relationship with the people like Pushkin. Leo Tolstoy writes in practice the literary theme of the grand people's history; Chekhov echoes Tolstoy's tradition of people's thought and tries to expand the connotation of the concept of the people and strive for the cultural democratic rights of a wide class. Russian classical writers have made their own efforts in the development of literary people's thought, deepened the ideological connotation of the people, and thus become an important cultural resource for the construction of Leninist literature and art people's thought. In the contemporary era, we should study and practice the people's thought of Marxist literature and art, review the people's tradition of the world's progressive literature, and strive to serve the people and socialism by writers and artists and literary critics. It is the fundamental requirement for prosperity and development of socialist literature and art.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院外国文学研究所;
【分类号】：I512.074

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