《愚弄乌鸦》中印第安部落文化的传承困境
发布时间：2018-10-10 17:53
【摘要】：詹姆斯·韦尔奇的小说《愚弄乌鸦》发表于1986年,是一篇历史题材的长篇小说。《愚弄乌鸦》以大量生动的场面呈现了黑脚印第安人的传统生活,其中穿插着土著居民与动物及神灵的交流、梦境和印第安人献祭等宗教活动,体现了本土文化在居民日常生活中的作用和意义。这使得该小说成为一部生动丰富的文化教程并先后获得《洛杉矶时报》图书奖、美国国家图书奖以及太平洋西北书商公会图书奖。尽管如此,,国内对这部小说的专门研究几乎处于空白状态;国外的相关研究虽然相对较多,但是研究角度分散,缺乏系统性,目前更没有文章或者论文从印第安特色文化的传承方面对这部作品进行研究。因此,就现状而言,从后殖民主义批评理论入手去探索作品中的文化传承困境既有可行性又有一定的创新性。本文运用萨义德的多元文化主义理论、法侬的民族文化理论以及霍米·巴巴的杂糅性身份理论,结合印第安人与白人的斗争史从印第安青年的成长、印第安特色文化等方面来解读部落文化的传承困境。论文首先从太阳舞、灵药包等多种传统部落文化入手分析了小说中印第安部落走向衰落的表现;其次以史实为基础,结合小说中白人和印第安人的冲突,尤其突出白人殖民者通过贸易、合约以及疾病对印第安文化的渗透和摧毁,以及对印第安人抗争的镇压,剖析了造成部落文化走向衰落的原因。论文最后讨论了印第安部落人民在历史和现实的困境中遇到的身份问题及其选择,以小说中的重要人物为代表,分析了背离传统文化和坚持部落文化身份这两种截然不同的身份选择,意在说明印第安部落文化虽然遭受白人文化的渗透和蚕食,处境艰难,但是这种部落文化并不会因此而消失,因为仍有坚定信念的部落青年承载着文化传承的希望。《愚弄乌鸦》不仅是一部丰富的印第安文化教程,它还体现了作者对历史的反思以及对印第安部落文化传承状况的担忧。笔者认为从特色文化的传承角度解读《愚弄乌鸦》既能够体现本土裔小说的独特性,也能够顺应多元文化主义的潮流。
[Abstract]:James Welch's novel "Fooling Ravens", published in 1986, is a historical novel. "Fool Ravens" presents a large number of vivid scenes of the traditional life of the Black-footed Indians. Among them interspersed with the exchange of indigenous people with animals and gods, dreams and Indian sacrifice and other religious activities, reflects the role and significance of local culture in the daily life of residents. This makes the novel a lively and rich cultural course and has won the Los Angeles Times Book Award, the National Book Award and the Pacific Northwest Book Association Book Award. However, the domestic research on this novel is almost blank; although there are relatively many related studies abroad, the research angle is scattered and lack of systematicness. At present, there are no articles or papers on the inheritance of Indian culture. Therefore, as far as the present situation is concerned, it is feasible and innovative to explore the cultural inheritance dilemma in the works from the theory of postcolonial criticism. This paper applies Saeed's theory of multiculturalism, Fannon's theory of national culture and Homi Baba's theory of mixed identity, and combines the history of the struggle between Indians and whites from the growth of Indian youth. Indian characteristic culture and other aspects to interpret the inheritance of tribal culture dilemma. Firstly, this paper analyzes the decline of Indian tribes in the novel from the perspective of traditional tribal culture, such as sun dance, magic medicine, etc. Secondly, based on historical facts, it combines the conflict between white and Indian in the novel. In particular, the white colonists analyzed the reasons for the decline of tribal culture through the penetration and destruction of Indian culture by trade, contract and disease, as well as the suppression of Indian resistance. Finally, the thesis discusses the identity problems and their choices of the Indian tribal people in the dilemma of history and reality, represented by the important characters in the novel. The analysis of the two distinct identity choices, which deviate from traditional culture and insist on tribal cultural identity, is intended to show that Indian tribal culture is in a difficult situation despite the infiltration and encroachment of white culture, But this kind of tribal culture will not disappear because there is still a strong belief in tribal youth carrying the hope of cultural heritage. "Fool Ravens" is not only a rich Indian culture course, It also reflects the author's reflections on history and concerns about the cultural heritage of Indian tribes. The author believes that the interpretation of "Fool Ravens" from the perspective of the inheritance of characteristic culture can not only reflect the uniqueness of native American novels, but also conform to the trend of multiculturalism.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2262728
[Abstract]:James Welch's novel "Fooling Ravens", published in 1986, is a historical novel. "Fool Ravens" presents a large number of vivid scenes of the traditional life of the Black-footed Indians. Among them interspersed with the exchange of indigenous people with animals and gods, dreams and Indian sacrifice and other religious activities, reflects the role and significance of local culture in the daily life of residents. This makes the novel a lively and rich cultural course and has won the Los Angeles Times Book Award, the National Book Award and the Pacific Northwest Book Association Book Award. However, the domestic research on this novel is almost blank; although there are relatively many related studies abroad, the research angle is scattered and lack of systematicness. At present, there are no articles or papers on the inheritance of Indian culture. Therefore, as far as the present situation is concerned, it is feasible and innovative to explore the cultural inheritance dilemma in the works from the theory of postcolonial criticism. This paper applies Saeed's theory of multiculturalism, Fannon's theory of national culture and Homi Baba's theory of mixed identity, and combines the history of the struggle between Indians and whites from the growth of Indian youth. Indian characteristic culture and other aspects to interpret the inheritance of tribal culture dilemma. Firstly, this paper analyzes the decline of Indian tribes in the novel from the perspective of traditional tribal culture, such as sun dance, magic medicine, etc. Secondly, based on historical facts, it combines the conflict between white and Indian in the novel. In particular, the white colonists analyzed the reasons for the decline of tribal culture through the penetration and destruction of Indian culture by trade, contract and disease, as well as the suppression of Indian resistance. Finally, the thesis discusses the identity problems and their choices of the Indian tribal people in the dilemma of history and reality, represented by the important characters in the novel. The analysis of the two distinct identity choices, which deviate from traditional culture and insist on tribal cultural identity, is intended to show that Indian tribal culture is in a difficult situation despite the infiltration and encroachment of white culture, But this kind of tribal culture will not disappear because there is still a strong belief in tribal youth carrying the hope of cultural heritage. "Fool Ravens" is not only a rich Indian culture course, It also reflects the author's reflections on history and concerns about the cultural heritage of Indian tribes. The author believes that the interpretation of "Fool Ravens" from the perspective of the inheritance of characteristic culture can not only reflect the uniqueness of native American novels, but also conform to the trend of multiculturalism.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
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